Intruistic Motivation Essay Example

Intruistic Motivation Essay This quote describes intrinsic motivation and shows that by nature, one strives to achieve more than one already has. The B program assists a student in pushing forward in their own academic studies. Personally, the International Baccalaureate Program provides no physical reward, but pushes me to study and achieve future incentives. Intrinsic motivation however, does provide internal rewards such as aesthetic satisfaction and internal power. Intrinsic titivation presses me to move forward and attain aesthetic satisfaction, or the excitement when one has fulfilled a desire. The B program has allowed me to achieve aesthetic satisfaction as well as accomplishment after receiving a good grade on any assignment. Because the B program is more rigorous than normal courses, a sense of internal power blossoms within. The strength that the B program provides is not physical, rather, the power is mental. Finishing a work-load assigned by a professor raises the self-esteem of a student. After completing any assignment given y the instructor, a student in the International Baccalaureate Program gains a sense of aesthetic satisfaction and internal power. Being In the B program allows Intrinsic motivation to apply itself and push a student forward. Though there are no physical rewards, accomplishing any task given by the B program gives a student Internal rewards. We will write a custom essay sample on Intruistic Motivation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Intruistic Motivation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Intruistic Motivation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However tough or harsh the tasks are, motivation pushes a student to complete them and attain aesthetic satisfaction, as well as Internal power. Hidden Imam One of the heirs or descendants of Muhammad All. The 12th descendant disappeared as a child, becoming known as the Hidden Imam. Reformers vs.. Conservatives Conservatives uphold the regime set up In 1979 with strict Shari law. They support right and responsibilities of the cleric and believed that politics and religious beliefs should be the same. Reformers believed that the political system needed reform and believes In some degree of International agreement. Most support Shims as the basis of Iranian society. Assists vs.. Free-marketers Assists believe that government should control the economy. Free-marketers want to remove price control, lower business taxes, and encourage private enterprises Shari Islamic law from the Koran Quean Law of the state Intrinsic Motivation By seasonal 24 l do not try to dance better than anyone else. I only try to dance better than myself. of aesthetic satisfaction and internal power. Being in the B program allows intrinsic rewards, accomplishing any task given by the B program gives a student internal complete them and attain aesthetic satisfaction, as well as internal power. Hidden Conservatives Conservatives uphold the regime set up in 1979 with strict Shari law. Needed reform and believes in some degree of international agreement. Most

An appraisal of UK’s opposition to the proposed EU Financial Transaction Tax The WritePass Journal

An appraisal of UK’s opposition to the proposed EU Financial Transaction Tax Introduction An appraisal of UK’s opposition to the proposed EU Financial Transaction Tax . ft.com/intl/cms/s/financial-transaction-tax.html telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/9072297/Rebalancing-the-financial-transactions-tax-debate.html Huizinga, H., J. Voget and W. Wagner, 2011, International taxation and cross-border banking, European Banking Center, Discussion paper, No. 2011-015. IMF, 2010, Financial Sector Taxation, IMF’s report to the G-20 and Background Material, Chapter 7. Keen, M., 2011, Rethinking the taxation of the financial sector, CESifo Economic Studies, 57, 1, 2011. Matheson, T., 2011, Taxing Financial Transactions: Issues and Evidence, IMF Working Paper 11/54. McCulloch, N. and G. Pacillo, 2011, The Tobin Tax: A Review of the Evidence, working paper. Schulmeister, S., M. Schratzenstaller, and O. Picek, 2008, A General Financial Transaction Tax, Motives, Revenues, Feasibility and Effects, Report commissioned by Ecosocial Forum Europe, co-financed by Federal Ministry of Finance and Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour, Vienna: WIFO Wagner, W., 2010, In the Quest of Systemic Externalities: A Review of the Literature, CESifo Economic Studies, 2010, Vol. 56, pp. 96-111.

Read the book it is a Wonder life (Capra,1946) and do the questions Dissertation

Read the book it is a Wonder life (Capra,1946) and do the questions below - Dissertation Example This movie is generally believed to be addressing the themes of honesty and sacrifice or upholding of virtues that ensure civic and familial welfare. However, in-depth analysis of its storyline brings forth the fact that it largely focuses on highlighting the negative outcomes of Capitalism when rapaciousness encircles it. Frank Capra presents two sets of approaches to run a financial enterprise, and this forms the actual theme of the movie; the conflict between ethics based business plan and an interest based one is evident throughout. The protagonist George Bailey endorsed an inclusive business model and used a straightforward and morality-based policy for running Bailey Building and Loan Association. This paper is an attempt to unearth the way Capra depicted an Inclusive model inspired business enterprise in It’s a Wonderful Life using examples from the movie. A business model is a concept developed by an enterprise to devise some definite business logic required to make th e company and its stakeholders earn profit. This model also determines the interactivity and relativity between a business’s core elements, I-e capital, raw material and labor (Bastiaens, Baumeol, and Kreamer 31). Bedford Falls is a small town where the chief financing institution is owned by George Bailey. George Bailey is the good guy who puts both his heart and mind in the business. Therefore, in Bedford Falls under Bailey’s headship, â€Å"banks are small, local, family-run enterprises that help the common people by lending them money to buy homes, run small businesses and build a community; dodgy mortgages are not bundled up and sold off as new investment vehicles to unsuspecting investors† (Lethbridge). This propels the notion that Bailey opted for an Inclusive business model since this type largely focuses on ensuring the welfare of the minorities, poor and/or low-income groups within a community. In an Inclusive Business Model, the approach induced is us ually targeted towards the betterment of the masses instead of the profitability aspect of the company. World Business Council for Sustainable Development describes Inclusive model as â€Å" one, which seeks to contribute toward the alleviation of poverty by including lower-income communities within its value chain while not losing sight of the ultimate goal of business† (Michelini 24). The feature that explains the business model followed by Bailey is that he prefers satisfying public domain, social welfare and community interests over his own financial prosperity. When the company’s shareholder Henry Potter proposes to halt financial aid to working-poor and convinces the Board of Directors too, Bailey is the only one who not just rejects this proposal but wins back the confidence of board members in this regard. At no point in the movie has Bailey been shown as a wealthy self-sufficient man. In the scene when he is leaving for honeymoon and gets information about the bank run his company is about to face; he is not able to generate more than $2000 to pay to the depositors. It was the amount that he had saved to utilize for his honeymoon expenditures. This means that his approach to business is humane, and he strived to keep all the sections of society compatible and intact. As per the rules of Inclusive Model, Bailey involved the

How markets fail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

How markets fail - Essay Example He said that despite the fact that there are economic thinkers such as the utopian and reality-based economic thinkers; market can still fail mainly because of the unseen variables. According to Cassidy, market can fail despite the fact that the prevailing conditions are favorable (403). To many, a financial crisis of such nature in an advance economy appears to be a phenomenon of the past. It is like diseases such as smallpox which are still found in poorer countries, but essentially eradicated from the developed countries. However, Cassidy warns that financial crisis can still occur despite the fact that the economy is advanced. Cassidy was aiming at responding to the disaster that hit the western banking system unexpectedly. The financial crisis occurred during the period when most people were expecting positive results. Both the utopian thinkers and real-based economic thinkers could not tell what was going to come. They could not anticipate nor imagined that the disaster would o riginate at home. All they knew was that there was a growing current account imbalance between the United States and china and that incase of any form of financial crisis, these two countries are likely to be the first one to experience the crisis. Most people believed that changes in technology and the impact of globalization had enabled the central bank to figure out the secret to conducting monetary policy in a stabilizing way. Because of this, most people including the economic thinkers believed that the central was equipped with necessary knowledge, skills and know how having kept the economy on track after a series of ups and down in the 1990s. Most economies did no even stop to ponder about the case of Japan, which experienced economic bubble despite the fact that its economy was advanced. They claim that it would have been a normal phenomenon to find a financial or banking crisis in Japan given that Tokyo, a hybrid economy, lacks real market economy like the Great Britain. U nexpectedly, the disaster struck the economy that was believed to be advanced and strong to resist the tides. Most people, including the economic thinkers had no real answers to the unexpected phenomenon. Cassidy had an idea of what might be the cause of the unusual breakdown. As mentioned above, Cassidy wanted to clarify the fact that in event of financial crisis, bankers do not have bigger responsibilities and therefore, no one should lay blame to them (405). Cassidy argues that even if bankers had tried their best to meet the interest of their shareholders, there is no assurance that would have fulfill the interest of everybody. This is because society, according to Cassidy has different believes and perceptions, which may not be good for banks. Cassidy asserted that the belief that most of the economist have about the market is a mere theory. He particularly criticizes the belief that most of the proponents of the free markets have about market behavior. Cassidy questioned wheth er producers and consumers in a free market can lead to a beneficial outcome for a whole society. He also questioned the argument brought forth by the famous economist, Adam Smith that states that market systems is similar to an enormous decentralized machine for conveying signals and that the resulting outcome is both efficient and stable. Cassidy cautiously explore various areas of these

Jewish marriage ceremony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jewish marriage ceremony - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that marriage has different meanings for different societies. For some societies, marriage is associated with social and legal implications. Other societies attach strong cultural and religious traditions to marriage. In the Jewish society, marriage is not a mere social arrangement or a contractual engagement. It amounts to a bonding of spiritual nature, which is meant to fulfill what the Jews refer to a mitzvah, which is perceived as a highly divine dictum. It involves complete devotion of the bride’s life to the groom and vice versa and, as Kabbalists would put it, the two souls, upon marriage, are automatically integrated into one, which exists in two different bodies. In the traditional sense, a Jewish marriage cannot be said to happen by chance in any way – it involves what people from western countries do not seem to embrace, referring to it as the old-fashioned way. As such, the first step that defines the uniqueness in Jewish marriages is referred to as matchmaking or shidduch. The meet-up process is not spontaneous and does not rely purely on external influences; it is planned by a person who is close enough to the young man or woman seeking a partner to know the kind of person that he or she would want to be with and suggest a meeting. All of which has to go according to plan. This is an important step in an effort to ensure that the two are compatible with each other.

Introduction And History Of Virgin Holidays Tourism Essay

Introduction And History Of Virgin Holidays Tourism Essay Virgin holidays began its operations in the year 1970 not offering holiday packages but instead it used to offer order records services and was also a school magazine for students (Kegan 2010, par 3). Since the year 1970 virgin has grown rapidly due to its new and viable business ideas that have seen it sore into great heights, the great performance of virgin can be attributed to good management decisions made by the persons responsible for making such decisions (Kegan 2010, par 3). Through all this time, the holiday company has been discovering and exploiting new market opportunities, they have always brought up new and fresh ideas that are new in the face of holiday touring. The company ensures its success by offering high quality products and services and also establishes a market which the consumer utility has not been maximized and goes in to fill the gap (Kegan 2010, par 3). Virgin currently deals with transport matters with regard to planes, cars and trains; the brand also off ers services with regard to holidays, wines and mobile phones. The greatest development of the virgin group is the virgin tour this comprises of the travelling sector and accommodation (Kegan 2010, par 3). With the development of technology and information, virgin is now offering services through the new technology, old products and services have been modified also to fit the current state of the art technology (Kegan 2010, par 4). Virgin brands have always kept the big market players at their toes. Virgin is known to be the third most known brand in the British world. However, virgin has recently increased its operations to the global level hence serving a bigger market. At this moment virgin has more than 300 companies worldwide and more than 20000 employees enjoying worldwide annual revenue of more than five billion United States dollars (Centre of Asia Pacific Aviation 2010, pp 2). The companies build up by virgin are autonomous. This means that the virgin holiday sector is independent from the virgin drinks sector (Centre of Asia Pacific Aviation 2010). With regard to holiday and transport, Virgin group has the airline Virgin Atlantic which was founded in the year 1984, the airlin e offers flights to over thirty worldwide destinations and has over 9000 employees, the airline can also be compared to the standards of the whole group since it is a major market player which has also invented and brought new products in the market. The airline has also been given credits for its exemplary services to consumers by winning top awards in the field of commerce. The travel industry The industry in which the virgin holiday is operating on can be split into two; the industry is affected in two way traffic (Kegan 2010, par 4). The company offers travelling services and also accommodation services, therefore the forces of demand and supply which prevail in the two sectors at a given moment can be said to be different. However, the difference is small and is brought about by those people who normally fly for commercial purpose and those people who prefer other brands compare to virgin holidays with regard to transport or accommodation (Kegan 2010, par 4). The travel industry can be splinted into three i.e. the planes sector, motor vehicles (taxi cabs) and train. The above three are affected by changes in the business environment that surround them, such environment is comprised of competitors, changes in economic trends, and changes in the market with regard to demand and supply. In Britain Virgin Atlantic airline is rated as the third best brand, though it has rece ntly globalised its services and offers transport services to over thirty destinations worldwide (Kegan 2010, par 4). Airline sector With regard to the airline sector virgin Atlantic is faced with the very challenges which are being encountered in the airline industry (Centre of Asia Pacific Aviation 2010). This mainly includes competition from other market players, the economic recession and inflation (Centre of Asia Pacific Aviation 2010). Competition has not been easy with regard to the airline industry, the emergence of new airlines that offer high quality services and have great marketing strategies tend to outdo the current market players,. Competition in the airline industry also comes from already established airlines which control a huge market share which makes it hard to penetrate such markets. The completion is also witnessed with regard to the quality of the services offered by the airline (Centre of Asia Pacific Aviation 2010). The airline industry has been faced with economic challenges which have greatly reduced the number of its operations hence impacting on its revenue (Kegan 2010, par 5). The most traumatic event that struck the airline industry is the recent global economic recession which reduced the number of persons travelling by air, the economic recession did not only reduce the number of passengers travelling by air but also saw to it that airlines scale down their operations hence reducing the number of flights taking place globally (Centre of Asia Pacific Aviation 2010). The move to reduce the number flights and other operations was a very economic viable option since the cost of conducting such operations was outweighing the benefits considering the demand level in the market (Centre of Asia Pacific Aviation 2010, pp 31). This means that the demand was too low hence impacting on the level of supplies i.e. the supply was too high compared to the demand, therefore in order to maintain the equilibrium level of the demand and supply chain the airlines had to cut down their operations level. The economic recession also made fuel prices to rise hence increasing the amount of funds used in operations (Stevenson 2010, pp 4). The airline industry also faced another main setback; the events of September 1999 really affected the income received from the airline industry (Stevenson 2010, pp 4, pp 4). The terrorist attack on the passenger plane made individuals worry about their safety while using the air as a means of transport (Stevenson 2010, pp, 4). Before this event the government intervention in the airline industry was very minimal but after this event, the governments started setting policies to regulate operations in the airline industry e.g. a third party insurance cover that will see to it that those affected n terrorist attacks and other accidents involving passenger planes are compensated accordingly (Stevenson 2010, pp. 5). The recently ended global economic recession saw to it that the price of crude oil increase hence forcing the airlines to increase the travel fare in order to cover for the huge costs incurred in operations costs such s the fuel costs. This also reduced the number of passenge rs travelling by air. This greatly impacted on the demand of services from the airline industry. The demand went down since the price increase in travel prices made customers to shy off and use alternative means of travel such as rail. This greatly reduced the revenue received by the airline industry (Stevenson 2010, pp 10). The changes in the economic status of persons around the globe resulted to a cost push inflation which saw operation costs in the airline industry go up due to increase in fuel prices and other thins such as plane maintenance and salaries to employees. Land transport services Apart from offering travel service by air means, virgin holiday offers inland travelling services by the use of trains and taxi cabs. However, the use of trains is not fully established in all the destinations that virgin holidays operate (Kegan 2010, par 5). The competition in this sector is very stiff, this is mainly because of the number of tour companies that offer services locally at a low price, and this greatly reduces the number of passengers who choose to travel by the use of virgin cabs and trains (Kegan 2010, par 5). This sector was also greatly challenged by the global economic recession; this is because of the high operation costs and low revenue generated. The increase in costs is mainly attributed to the rise in the fuel prices and energy prices and since these forms of transport depend on fuel and electricity it was hard to operate without the two (Kegan 2010, par 6). The main purpose for this part is to transport people from airports to accommodation facilities. Howe ver, in some countries it is used as a normal form of cab transport (Kegan 2010, par 6). Accommodation It is important to ensure that we analyze the accommodation part of the virgin holiday package. However, the two complement each other this is because the number of people accessing the accommodation services is directly proportional to the number of people using the transport services. The difference between the two is that they are affected by different business environments with regard to competition and the forces of demand and supply prevailing in the market (Kegan 2010, par 6). The accommodation sector of virgin holiday faces competition from well established hotels especially five star hotels and hotels offering conference services (Kegan 2010, par 6). The accommodation offered by virgin tour is limited to given extent, i.e. the accommodation offered is only to the extent of a place to stay and meals whereas there are other facilities offering additional services such as conference services. Even though the accommodation sector is autonomous from the travel sector, it greatly depends on the travel sector with regard to the number of passenger turnout and the class of passengers received by the airline (Kegan 2010, par 7). The global economic recession greatly affected the accommodation industry in an indirect manner and directly as well, this is mainly because the recession led to the decrease of the number of people travelling for holiday purposes but to a certain extent the number of people who are travelling for the sake of doing business (Kegan 2010, par 7). Since the two sectors are complementary, the decrease in the number of persons using the air as a means of transport greatly reduced the number of people who are accessing the accommodation services offered by the airline, this is majorly because the people who use the accommodation facilities offered by the airline are the passengers (Kegan 2010, par 7). There is also a decrease as a result of the global economic recession which was brought about by limited funds (Kegan 2010, par 9). During the recession, many people had to cut down on costs due to the low income but high prices of products and services, therefore many people had to reduce th e rate at which they access luxurious services and goods (Kegan 2010, par 9). The accommodation sector was also affected in terms of operation costs incurred, this is because of increased costs of products such as fuel and other effects needed to keep the accommodation facilities up to standards (Kegan 2010, par 8). Virgin holidays SWOT analysis Strengths The company has a very strong brand image that has enable it navigate through completion and establish itself in the global market. The fact that the virgin holiday is part of the large virgin group that is recognized to be a well managed company with dedicated managers who not only serve the market with new brands but also high quality brands. The company is also enjoying a high number of people using the virgin Atlantic as a means of air transport for cargo and passengers. The increase in the number of passengers in the travel sector has a positive effect to the number of people using the accommodation facilities hence increasing the revenue. Apart from a strong brand image and increase in the number of passengers, the company has a good strong asset and capital base. The company also keeps on enjoying high revenues throughout its financial periods Weaknesses Despite the fact that the company has been enjoying a good financial position and a strong brand image, it has been experiencing a decrease in its market share in the United States, Jamaica, India and china. This is mainly because due to increased competition from upcoming firs and already existing firms. The company is also not in better position to control the market since it has majored only in thirty locations whereas other competitors have as much 150 destinations worldwide e.g. The British airways and Thai airways Opportunities There has been an increase in the number of people travelling by air especially in the continent of Asia. There has been an increase in the number of passengers travelling by air in Asia due to increased economic activities in countries such as china and India. Virgin Atlantic as the main carrier for the virgin group has an established market in this area and hence stands a chance to increase the number of passengers using the airline and the accommodation services offered. Another great opportunity witnessed by virgin Atlantic is their partnership with All Nippon Airlines which has given virgin Atlantic the chance to carry passengers to Japan, this new initiative will enable virgin holidays to expand its services to this new location both travel and accommodation. Threats Virgin Atlantic is facing a scandal which could affect the position of virgin holidays in terms of consumer confidence and cash flow from the company (Kegan 2010, par 9). This is because the company is facing an allegation if proved to be true it may have adverse effects to the airline and the virgin group at large (Stevenson 2010, pp 11). This is after an investigation on price fixing was begun by the European Union and the United States department of justice to see whether the allegations that virgin Atlantic was involved are true (Stevenson 2010, pp 11). If the allegations are proved to be true, then they will be forced to pay a fine (Stevenson 2010). This will not only impact on the financial position of the company but also consumer confidence will be affected negatively (Stevenson 2010, pp 13). Another threat being experienced by the virgin holidays is the increase in the cost of fuel which affects the operation costs of the travelling department (Stevenson 2010, pp 17). This f orces the airline to increase the fare for travelling to different destinations hence decreasing the number of people using the travel services due to lack of sufficient funds or the thought that they are being exploited (Stevenson 2010, pp 17). In the world there have been terrorist attacks on airplanes for example the events of September 30th 1999 which saw planes get bombed by unknown terrorist, this inculcated fear into the hearts of people who use airplanes as a mode of transport hence reducing the number of consumers (Stevenson 2010, pp 17). Virgin Holidays PEST analysis A quick look at the political, social, economic, and technological environment surrounding the company shows nothing other than a series of changes that have affected the company with regard to the four aspects of life. Political Just like other institutions, virgin holidays operate in an environment with political changes and rules. The airline industry has experienced currently too much political interference and virgin is no exception (Butler 1998, par. 15). The event of September 30th 1999 saw the interference of the status of the airline industry by the governments so as to curb terrorism with regard to passenger planes (Butler 1998, par. 15). For example, the United States government issued a directive that forced all passenger and cargo planes to have a third party insurance cover which will enable the persons injured or dead in a plane due to the negligence of the owners to seek complete compensation (Butler 1998, par. 15). The virgin holidays has also witnessed political events in relation to the deregulation of the airline industry so as to let the fare prices be determined by forces of demand and supply instead of prices being fixed by the government (Butler 1998, par. 15). At the moment virgin hol idays is facing a great problem because of the laws enforced by political institution, the United States Department of Justice and the European Union are trying to look into an issue which virgin Atlantic is involved with regard to fixing of cargo transit prices (Butler 1998, par. 15). Economic The company has been affected by many changes in the economic aspect of life, for example the recently ended global economic recession which left the airline industry at a very bad position financially, the global economic recession lead to the decrease of the number of people using the air as a travelling mode since they had to look for cheaper means so as to fit to their current economic status (Camilla 2006, pp. 23). The economic recession also affected the accommodation sector since many people were trying as much as possible t access goods and services that will be costly to which is not favorable with the low income being received during the recession (Camilla 2006, pp. 23). The firm is also surrounded by many economic opportunities such as the funds to enable it expand its operations further just like other global airlines, this will to a great extent increase its revenue. The company is experiencing different economic situations with regard to geographical locations, for exam ple the demand for airline and travel services in Asia has greatly increased due to the increase in the amount of economic activities taking place in the continent compared to other continents (Camilla 2006, pp. 23). Social The social aspect of life is majorly concerned with the cultural beliefs of a given group of persons, since the company operates worldwide it should be able to operate in ach are in a way that syncs with the cultural beliefs of the people living in particular area (Paul 2000, pp 64). It is important for the company to maintain cultural practices of the society since it has a very positive impact, not only to the company but to the society at large, preservation of cultural practices can also be seen as a form of cooperate social responsibility (Paul 2000, 64). Technology The airline industries have utilized the availability of the internet as an investment ground. This is greatly characterized by the many advertisements and other information placed on the internet concerning the respective airlines. Airlines have resolved to market themselves through online websites that are believed to be commonly visited by their target markets. The airlines also develop their own websites which give information about the services that they offer and other activities conducted by the airlines. The airline industry also utilizes the current technology by making placements in movies and using celebrities to market their products and services. The availability of the internet as a major technology tool has also seen the introduction of online booking services. These services enable the consumers to book for a flight from anywhere in the world without having to physically visit the airlines offices to acquire the tickets. The use of the internet to advertise products a nd to offer booking services is a very brilliant since most people this days access the internet, this greatly creates consumer awareness of the products being offered by the airline (The Economist 2010, par 3). The using of online booking services attracts many consumers hence increasing the demand for air travel services; this is because it helps the customers to cut down on the costs they incur when it comes to booking expenses (The Economist 2010, par 3). Appendix SWOT analysis diagram SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses -Strong brand image -Increased passenger and cargo traffic -Strong financial position -Declining market share in key markets -Lack of scale Opportunities Threats -Expanding passenger traffic in Asia -Increase in trans-pacific cargo -Partnership with ANA -Cargo price-fixing investigation -Rising aviation fuel prices -Terrorist attacks and scares deter passengers from flying Virgin Holidays Economy Demand and supply Economic recession Technology Online Booking Travel agencies Social Corporate responsibility Cultural practices Political Deregulation Policies Source: Centre of Asia Pacific Aviation PEST analysis diagram TABLE 1: Top 25 Global Airlines Revenue 2006 Airline Lists 2006 Revenues (Million US) % Air France KLM 28,945.00 10.28 Lufthansa 24,903.70 8.85 AMR Corporation 22,563.00 8.02 Japan Airlines System Corporation 18,905.40 6.72 UAL Corporation 17,882.00 6.35 Delta Air Lines, Inc. 17,171.00 6.10 Continental AG 13,128.00 4.66 Northwest Airlines Corporation 12,568.00 4.47 All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. 11,765.80 4.18 US Airways Group, Inc. 11,557.00 4.11 British Airways Plc 10,654.60 3.79 Qantas Airways 10,272.20 3.65 Singapore Airlines Limited 9,119.30 3.24 Southwest Airlines Co. 9,086.00 3.23 Air Canada Inc 8,934.40 3.17 Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd. 8,328.60 2.96 SAS Group 8,236.90 2.93 Cathay Pacific Airways Limited 7,823.80 2.78 Emirates Group 7,423.20 2.64 Iberia 6,473.80 2.30 Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. 5,927.50 2.11 Virgin Group 3,518.10 1.25 TAM S.A. 2,515.50 0.89 Air India 2,060.80 0.73 ExpressJet Holdings, Inc. 1,679.60 0.60 Total 281,443.20 100.00 Source: Centre of Asia Pacific Aviation Virgin Atlantics Airways British Airways British Midland Airways Continental Airlines American Airlines Delta Air Lines Founded 1984 1924 1949 1934 1930 1928 Parent Company Virgin Group British Airways plc BMI Continental AG AMR Corporation Delta Air Lines, Inc. Owner Virgin Group 51%, Singapore Airlines 49% n/a Sir Michael Bishop 50% , Lufthansa 30% ,SAS 20% n/a n/a n/a Head Office Crawley, England, United Kingdom London, United Kingdom Castle Donington, England, United Kingdom Houston, Texas Fort Worth, Texas Atlanta, Georgia Hubs London Heathrow Airport London Gatwick Airport London Heathrow Airport London Gatwick Airport London Heathrow Airport Manchester Airport George Bush Intercontinental Airport (Houston) Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport Miami International Airport Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport Alliance ANA Oneworld Star Alliance SkyTeam Oneworld SkyTeam Number of Aircrafts As of Aug 2007 / 38 As of Sep 2007 / 235 As of Nov 2007 / 50 367 As of Aug 2007 / 653 As of Feb 2007 / 443 Destinations 30 222 51 292 158 332 Target Market Upper class and economy class n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Management Richard Branson (President) Stephen Murphy (Chairman) Steve Ridgway (CEO) Willie Walsh (CEO) Nigel Turner (CEO), Sir Michael Bishop (Chairman) Larry Kellner (CEO) Gerard Arpey (CEO) Richard Anderson (CEO) Edward Bastian (President) Employment Over 9000 42,755 4312 43,770 86,000 51,300 Fiscal Year End April March December December December December Number of Incidents and Accidents 3 7 2 19 29 13 Scheduled passenger services Offer Offer Offer Offer Offer Offer Cargo handling Offer Offer Offer Offer Offer Offer Aircraft maintenance Offer Offer None n/a n/a Offer Leisure travel services Offer Offer None Offer Offer Offer Source: Centre of Asia Pacific Aviation

How Concentration affects the rate of reaction :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

How Concentration affects the rate of reaction I am investigating the rates of reaction and how the different variables can affect it. I know that the temperature, a catalyst, concentration, the surface area, light and pressure of a gas can affect the rate of reaction. In this particular experiment I am going to investigate on how the concentration of one of the reactants affects the rate of reaction. To show that the concentration does affect the rate of reaction I am going to carry out the reaction of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. The reactant I am going to change in concentration for each experiment/reading is sodium thiosulphate. Word Equation Sodium + Hydrochloric Sodium + Sulphur + water + Sulphur Thiosulphate acid Chloride dioxide Chemical Equation ================= Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) -> 2NaCl(aq) + S(s) + H2O(l) + SO2(g) Equipment ========= Sodium Thiosulphate (NaSO) of different concentrations and volumes 5cm Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Water of different volumes Paper marked with a cross 2 Measuring cylinders Conical Flask Stopclock I will set the equipment up as shown in the diagram below Method I am going to measure out the right amount (50cmÂÂ ³) and concentrations of the sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. I will vary the concentration of the sodium thiosulphate but will still keep the volume of the acid the same. I will keep the volume (5cmÂÂ ³) and concentration (2.0 moi/dmÂÂ ³) of the hydrochloric acid the same. The table below shows the amount of water I will add to the sodium thiosulphate to vary the concentration in each experiment. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Experiment Volume of 0.15 mol/dm (cm) Volume of water Concentration sodium Number sodium thiosulphate (cm (Cm) thiosulphate solution (mol/dm) 1 50 0 0.15 2 40 10 0.

Mechanistic Versus Organic Structures

Mechanistic versus Organic Structures a. Mechanistic Structure is appropriate for organizations focusing on a cost- minimization strategy through tight control, extensive division of labor, high formalization and centralization. The information network is limited and employees rarely participate in decision making process. b. Organic Structure is decentralized and has low complexity and formalization. It has an extensive information system, and employees rarely participate in decision making. It tends to be flexible and adaptive. c. Structure in function of the organization’s fundamental strategy. ) Innovation Strategy focuses on developing important new product or services. An organic structure provides the flexibility for this strategy. 2) Cost-minimization Strategy imposes tight controls over expenses and reduces product prices. The mechanistic structure is appropriate. 3) Imitation strategies are not adopted by true innovators but rather by organizations that move into new markets after smaller competitors have demonstrated the potential for success. Limitation best suited to a structure that combines mechanistic and organic. d. Structure is also a function of 1) Size.Larger organizations tend to be mechanistic because greater formalization is needed. Strategies also change as sizes changes. Growing organizations often expand activities within their industry. 2) Technology. An organic structure may be best for coping with non-routine technology because formalization is low. 3) Environment. In general, the more stable the environment, the more mechanistic the organization. A mechanistic structure is appropriate when the environment has little capacity for growth. Dynamic environments require an organic structure because of their unpredictability.Moreover, a complex environment also requires the flexibility and adaptability of an organic structure. a) The environment has three key dimensions: i) Capacity is the degree of growth an environment can suppo rt. ii) Volatility concerns the relative instability in the environment. iii) Complexity is the amount of heterogeneity and concentration in the environment. Thus, an industry with few very large firms is homogeneous and concentrated. b) Uncertainty not a specific environmental factor. The foregoing factors determine the level of uncertainty present in the environment. 11.According to Henry Mintzberg, an organization has five components. Depending on which is in control, one of five different structure involve. a. The five organizational components include the 1) Operating core- workers who perform the basic tasks related to production 2) Strategic apex- top managers 3) Middle line- managers who connect the core to the apex 4) Technostructure- analyst who achieve a certain standardization 5) Support staff- indirect support services b. The five structures include the following: 1) Simple structure (apex) has low complexity and formality and authority is centralized.Its small size and simplicity usually precludes significant inefficiency in use of resources. 2) Machine bureaucracy (technostructure) is a complex, formal and centralized organization that performs highly routine tasks, groups’ activities into functional departments, has relationships. 3) Professional bureaucracy (operating core) is a complex and formal but centralized organization in which highly trained specialist have great autonomy. 4) Divisional structure (middle line) is essentially a self-contained organization.It is characterized by substantial duplication of functions compared with more centralized structures. 5) Adhocracy (support staff) has low complexity, formality and centralization. Vertical differentiation is low and horizontal differentiation is high. 12. Centralization and Decentralization a) Centralization concerns the centralization of authority in an organization and the degree and levels at which it occurs. b) Decentralization is a philosophy of organizing and managing. C areful selection of which decisions to push down the hierarchy and which to hold at the top is required.The degree of decentralization will be greater if 1) More decision are made lower in the management hierarchy. 2) Some important decisions are made lower in the management hierarchy. 3) More functions are affected by decisions made at lower levels. 4) Fewer approvals are required before implementation of a decision. c) Centralization and decentralization are relative terms. Absolute centralization or decentralization is impossible. d) The degree of centralization or decentralization depends upon the situation. 1) Information. Decisions cannot be decentralized to those who do not have necessary information. ) Ability. Decisions cannot be decentralized to people who do not have training, experience, knowledge or ability to make decisions. 3) Timeliness. The organization should decentralize decisions requiring a quick response to those near the action. 4) Degree of coordination. The organization cannot decentralize below the level at which coordination must be maintained. 5) Significance of decision. Decisions cannot be centralized to lower levels if they are of critical importance to the organization. 6) Morale. The organization should decentralize, when possible, for the positive influence on morale.

Definition of Qualitative Analysis in Chemistry

Definition of Qualitative Analysis in Chemistry In chemistry, qualitative analysis is the determination of the chemical composition of  a sample. It encompasses a set of analytical chemistry techniques that provide nonnumerical information about a specimen. Qualitative analysis can tell you whether an atom, ion, functional group, or compound is present or absent in a sample, but it doesnt provide information about its quantity (how much). Quantification of a sample, in contrast, is called quantitative analysis. Techniques and Tests Qualitative analysis involves chemical tests, such as the Kastle-Meyer test for blood or the iodine test for starch. Another common qualitative test, used in inorganic chemical analysis, is the flame test. Qualitative analysis typically measures changes in color, melting point, odor, reactivity, radioactivity, boiling point, bubble production, and precipitation. Methods include distillation, extraction, precipitation, chromatography, and spectroscopy. Branches of Qualitative Analysis The two main branches of qualitative analysis are organic qualitative analysis (such as the iodine test) and inorganic qualitative analysis (such as the flame test). Inorganic analysis looks at the elemental and ionic composition of a sample, usually by examination of ions in aqueous solution. Organic analysis tends to look at types of molecules, functional groups, and chemical bonds.Example: She used qualitative analysis to find that the solution contained Cu2 and Cl-  ions.

Freedom versus Order

Freedom versus Order General Thesis Statement The USA government developed the PRISM program during the presidency of President Bush, apparently to protect Americans from harm. The PRISM was developed from the initial warrantless mass surveillance program. This program was a way of reinforcing the security system within U.S. according to the Congress, but the public sees it differently.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom versus Order specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Regardless of its stated benefits by the government, critics of this program strongly argue that it infringes into people’s privacy and confidentiality, and it is not in line with the ethical principles. This paper therefore seeks to discuss PRISM and its impact on people’s lives. NSA Program The NSA is in charge of PRISM, which is a clandestine electronic surveillance program for data collection. This program is used by NSA to get information on raw intell igence for preparing analytical reports. PRISM is considered a move by the U. S government to protect the Americans. The NSA uses the PRISM to monitor communications that are of interest to it. The NSA program works using interceptors called fiber-optic splitters that make copies of data when information is sent through the internet (MacAskill para 4). The NSA’s main objective has not been to gain access into personal information belonging to the civilians. The main challenge however, has been to separate domestic communications from foreign ones to ensure that the agency is not considered a spy (MacAskill para 3-4). The intentions of NSA seem good but at the expense of the Americans because information that is private and confidential is accessed by another party without seeking consent. The NSA maintains that disclosure of PRISM would ruin the program’s credibility and thereby weaken the security system. Freedom of and Freedom From and Why It Matter Freedom of the su rveillance program vis-a-vis freedom from surveillance program sound similar but are very different. The former refers to the wide scope which the surveillance program is applied in the Civilian lives. On the other hand, freedom from this surveillance program means not monitoring the civilians without their consent (Gellman and Laura 1). Freedom of the Americans from mass surveillance is not guaranteed because it is presumed to protect the Americans from terrorists (Granick and Christopher para 5). Privacy is very important in a person’s life, but if it is compromised, freedom of expression is violated. Freedom from legal action was guaranteed to private companies if they collaborated with the government to release information as requested by the Director of National Intelligence. Freedom of total reign over one’s communication details is jeopardized by the ability of the U.S to intercept communications.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Freedom of the people’s and institutions’ information matters because when this information is accessed by a third-party, some goals may not be achieved. The freedom of the NSA to use the PRISM is deemed necessary because it is a sure way of knowing what foreigners are planning against America; hence, the American government is able to take necessary precautionary measures (Prism para 5-7). Different forms of freedom and NSA The different forms of freedom with reference to PRISM and mining phone metadata include: political freedom, social freedom and personal freedom. Political freedom is where the members of the different parties are free to make their own decisions: a few members of the Democrats and the Republicans agree with legitimization of the PRISM. The rest are not cognizant of the essence of this legitimization. Agreeing with the legality of the PRISM leads to violation of peopleâ⠂¬â„¢s social freedoms. It becomes difficult to communicate with friends because one thinks that he or she is being watched. In addition, a person’s personal information like chats and photos are easily accessed. On a totally different note, and one that has been ignored by civilians, the monitoring programs guarantees freedom from terrorist attack because they detect suspicious communications. Democrats and Republicans and NSA The New York Times shows that both the Republicans and Democrats make up the Intelligence Committee. A majority of the government watchdogs, mainly consisting of republicans, agrees with the legality of using PRISM and mining metadata from phones. This majority considers this as an action which is legalized by the PATRIOT Act and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (Chandorkar para 5). While the Democrats’ focus is to preserve the liberty and privacy of the people, the Republicans are critics of Obama’s government. These two parti es therefore are meant to act against the freedom of monitoring the private lives of the Americans, but they are divided and cannot achieve much. This gives rise to a weaker voice that cannot succeed in airing the civilians’ grievances. On a different note, Granick and Christopher state that the public was not angered by unauthorized access into its personal communications system as long as Congress had approved this program (para 1). Conclusion The U.S. government is fully convinced that the monitoring program enables it to uncover terrorist plots, but it also interferes with the daily lives of the people. The hacking of people’s emails and phones deprives them of their privacy, which is very important for every person.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom versus Order specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Freedom from monitoring and freedom of privacy are only enjoyed by civilians if freedom of monitor ing and freedom from legal action, in this context, are withdrawn. The use of PRISM is justifiable, but it should strictly adhere to its function, which is to monitor foreign communications. Chandorkar, Medha. NSA Prism Program: Obama Spying Scandal Elicits Bipartisan Voices, Pro and Con, 2012. Web. Gellman, Barton and Laura Poitras. â€Å"U.S., British Intelligence Mining Data From Mine U.S. Internet Companies in Broad Secret.† The Washington Post, 7 June 2013. Web. Granick, Jennifer S. and Christopher Jon Sprigman. â€Å"The Criminal N.S.A.† The New York Times, 27 June 2013. Web. MacAskill, Ewen. â€Å"NSA Paid Millions to Cover Prism Compliance Costs for Tech Companies.† The Guardian, 23 August 2013. Web. â€Å"Prism (Surveillance program).† Wikipedia, 29 August 2013. Web.

Self assessment for project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self assessment for project - Essay Example The aim of establishing a brand image style could be the first one of the sale strategies for all the companies. An effective product package design and brand image may enable consumers to create a sense of corporate identification with the company to then accept the product. This strategy has a dual impact at the sales point since it incorporates brand identity and packaging design which play important roles in corporate image and sales achievements. Companies want to achieve the best possible outcome out of their marketing initiatives. Marketing issues can be thoroughly discussed in several areas utilizing different methodologies and techniques such as investigation of research e.g. questionnaire, survey, literature review and interview with experts; " relationship between consumer preferences and purchasing behavior", "recognition of brand image", " demographic statistics" and " assessment of consumer purchasing factors", and how do these factors effect among package design, consumer recognition and purchasing preferences. The areas of R&D that will be covered in this proposal are the following: 5. -Using couple well known cigarette brands for in depth study, how consumers make decision on purchase; good recognition of certain brand, attractive visual output, price range, word of mouth or simply just good product" good taste, functionality". The purpose of this research is to integrate brand identity and package design, by using product from the western marketplaces of United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) to investigate its characteristics and distinguishing features for discussion examples. Then the next step will be using the research results and solutions in order to apply them to the Russian or Asian marketplace. The research findings are expected to achieve future reinforcement and awaken Russian markets to further understand about brand image

I was thinking like the Theaters from greek to roman to william Essay

I was thinking like the Theaters from greek to roman to william shakespeare to tv now - Essay Example These plays might be tragedies or comedies, but in all they were incorporated into the Greek Culture. They told the stories of the Greek Gods and Goddesses, and were dominated by male actors. If a play required a female part, the playwright would have the male dress up as a female. Also, these plays were sometimes violent. If part of a play included someone being killed, the playwright may take a prisoner who was supposed to be killed, put him in the costume of the character that is to be killed, and surreptitiously sneak the prisoner out there instead of the real actor. Then, the prisoner would be killed and the crowd would have a realistic scene. This theme of violence would be largely outpaced with the next dominating Empire to emerge. The Romans, at the center of their world, lived at the head of the most powerful Empire of its era. Over a million people lived in Rome at one point, and, since the massive amount of slaves owned by the Roman Empire was able to do all the farm work, the Roman people themselves often did not have work. They were unemployed, and thus needed to be placated. Famously, Roman leaders placated the populace with bread and games. These games would become the dominating source of entertainment for the Roman people. There were a variety of games, from chariot races to naval battles to gladiatorial games. The gladiatorial matches are the most well known, renowned for their violence. But even the chariot races were lauded for their gore, as a mass of chariots racing around a tight course often lead to much bloodshed. Thus, the major entertainment of this ear was directly violent, not faked, just blood. Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, the segmentation of Western Civilization meant there was not a strong, multicultural entertainment movement. Yet one man, William Shakespeare, came about in the late 1500’s and revitalized the tradition of plays. He made a variety of plays, like Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, and Henry V (Sayre). These plays often made plays on contemporary figures, and were attended by people from all social orders. They helped bring entertainment back to the masses. Previously, the poor mass of the population lived on farms or in squalor in the cities, had to work or beg, and had little access to entertainment. The upper classes had their private shows and were able to use their luxury of time and money to entertain themselves. Shakespeare transcended these boundaries by providing open plays with universal themes, and helped bring the love of entertainment back to the masses. While the tradition of plays continues to this day, the more common source of entertainment is movies. Cinema came about in the Great Depression, when people needed a cheap way to forget the horrible conditions they were living in. Movies began to offer this, an easy mental escape from reality. While books require reading and interpretation, movies allow a person to just absorb information, not necessarily t hinking unless they want to understand a complex plot of a complex movie. While originally outdoors and black and white, their popularity led to their further development. They were popular, so investors began to flock to them. Eventually color and sounds were added to movies, and then they were placed primarily indoors. Now, we have 3D movies and access