The Significance Of Sociological Work Practices

The Signifi hoboce Of Sociological Work PracticesThis essay leave assay the significance of sociology and the importance of a good intelligence of the fellowship in which we live. This essay will as well as provide an understanding of what sociology is, and an shrewdness into each status in relation to a percentageicular conception and some of the favorable problems surrounding it. It will identify how an understanding of sociology is helpful in helping sociable dallyers understand, evaluate and resolve the potential problems decide about by their client classs, and will assess the importance of sociology in tender work practice.Sociology differs to psychology, in as much as psychology studies the mortal and that respective(prenominal)s reactions and involvement inside fiat. Sociology concentrates its approach on a much wider level, smell at the big picture. Giddens (198918) reports that the pack of sociology offers the individual an opportunity to detach a ngiotensin-converting enzyme self-importance from preconceived ideas about complaisant life, nonwithstanding it does pose specific problems, mainly because of the convolute problems involved in subjecting our own demeanor to study. It is sullen to be fair game which you atomic number 18 directly involved in, and later on in the essay, it is unpatterned how this has influenced, and biased some opinions.Sociology developed as a science in the late 1700s. It was initi completelyy a modal value of attempting to understand the great changes misfortune in effort and community around that clipping, pursual a rate of flow of tender and industrial revolutions throughout England and the transition from feudal England, into a more than capitalist and industrialised lodge.Although in that location are mevery definitions of sociology, in that respect is no clear cut definition as to what it embracees.Macionis and Plummer (19974) say that the definition of sociology is t he organized study of hu objet dart orderliness, whilst The study of human affable behaviour, especially the study of the origins, organization, institutions, and development of human club is the definition taken from http//dictionary.reference.com/search?q=sociologyWe can therefore deduce that sociology is a study of looking at things from a wider angle. So, what psychologists may pull in as a personal tragedy to one and however(a) person, when viewed from the wider angle, can provide an insight into imbalances in the equilibrium of society. For example, C Wright move (taken from Macionis and Plummer) wrote famously about the Sociological Imagination, which modifys the individual to reflect upon the societal tinge of what can be apparently individual events, much(prenominal) as divorcement, and unemployment. Whilst divorce is a personal tragedy for the individual, the impact of it nationally becomes a loving problem, effrontery that Britain statistically has one of th e highest divorce rates in Europe. So, sociology is about learning how to look at things with more than honorable k now guidege or common sense, it is about being able to turn situations around and examine the impact on both the individual and the surrounding society.To do this however, one must be able to identify what society actually is. What does it encompass? How many people does it take to get to a society? rase if we assume that a society is, for example, a group of people with self perpetuating rules, living within a protrudeicular framework of social relationships, we take over defy to question to whos rules are they are adhering, and to what extent is the framework of social relationship to be extended?Classical sociologists had no problems in identifying what constitutes a society, as they assumed that society was something that could be investigated or analysed in a laboratory, such as with any other science. Classical sociology was in entrap the scientific stu dy of society. Whilst more modernist approaches such as Cree (as quoted in Cree1997276), lease identified that todays society is a much more mosaic and illogical society, and realises that much as we all realize more than one identity, so we live and move in many divers(prenominal), and at times competing, societies.To enable them to study this, sociologists have identified many variant purviews on different sociological concepts.A concept is an issue that is directly related to sociology or society, and as such includes issues such as the family, crime and deviance, the community, class, status, poverty, race and youth. solely these concepts have a direct impact on society and so sociologists are interested in studying them. Each concept is oft intrinsically linked to the remaining ones.If we take as a simple example, a young low boy who has been caught stealing, he is from an impoverished compass and is being brought up by his bingle parent mother. In this single exam ple, a sociologist could choose to look at this case study from any or all of the above concepts. The family unit has broken down, leading the youth to commit acts of crime and deviance, possibly because the familys standard of living has deteriorated, leading to a lowering in class and status, which in turn could have led to prejudice and isolation from the surrounding community.A perspective however, is the actual point of view and theory which surrounds the explanation used to evaluate and identify society and social problems. For example, classical perspectives include Marxism, Interactionism, and Functionalism.In the very simplest of definitions a redness perspective would examine a concept with its relativity to social class, and class conflict. Interactionists would be examining the meanings and interpretations of the study matter, and would focus on the individual. A Functionalist perspective, however, would examine the purpose and inevitably of the social expression sur rounding the concept, and would be looking at the social system and sub systems.These classical perspectives originated mainly from Western, heterosexual, kernel class men, and highlighting one of the many problems sociologists face, and that is distancing oneself from the matter which is being studied. The viewpoints of the classical sociologists appear to be from white, heterosexual men, FOR white, heterosexual men. These early classical attempts to study a society which is in itself a constantly changing and nebulous mass, has meant that new sociologists have had to emerge, bringing with them new, broader perspectives, and these are called contemporary sociologists.Contemporary sociologists include views of society from perspectives such as Feminism, Anti Racism, Disablism, and the Gay Rights lobby, and the perspectives from which they write are fairly self explanatory, moreover Feminism will be discussed in more token further on.When examining one concept in detail, such as the family, and exhibit it from each different perspective, we are provided with an insight on not save the historical background of the viewpoint from which it was written (eg Marxism and Feminism were established in very different historical episodes), but it also enables us to recline this across different aspects of on the job(p) practice in social work. therefrom in order to operate in the social work craft efficiently, one needs to be able to look at the bigger picture, and put aside our own values and opinions of the family i.e. all the differing family types etcetera as it is hard to be objective about something with which you have direct experience of. We have all had experience of family, and so our expectations of the family life of our client groups will lastly be influenced by this, much in the same way as sociologists will be influenced by the society in which they are part of,To identify the family from differing perspectives, one must first reach an agreed de finition as to what the family is in sociological cost, broadly speaking because if there is no agreed definitive answer as to what the family inhabits of, then each perspective may be constructing theories about what could fundamentally be very different social groups.As a society we have stereo-typical ideas and ideologies of what a family should consist of and these are perpetuated through the media and advertising with images of the ideal family (i.e. husband, wife, 2 children, dog), and through humour, with idiot box programmes such as 2.4 Children, My Family etc.Macionis and Plummer (1997438) suggest that the family has been seen as a social institution that unites individuals into co-operative groups that oversee the bearing and raising of children. Cree however, (200026) defines the family as a group of people bound together by blood and marriage ties, but not necessarily located in one geographical place.When providing a definition, it has to adequately address the chang ing nature of family life in Britain throughout the last century. For example, using statistics from Giddens (1989 181) over 20 per cent of dependent children now live in lone parent households. In addition to the modernize in lone parent households, there have also been a significant increase in the emergence of differing family compositions..It is easy to see that family structure and composition has changed greatly over the last century, and this could be due to the way that society sets to accommodate social problems, for example, an increased rate of lone parents, sunny couples and sexual relationships away(p) of marriage etc. These were social problems during the 1900s and earlier, and were im good, which in the local anaesthetic communities at that time, could have been punishable by law, but todays society has started to adapt and accept these changes, making something which was originally perceived as deviant into a social norm, and this will lead eventually into this behaviour becoming part of the social mores of our society. It is therefore safe to say, that in order for society to be maintained it has to accept the changing threats to values and adapt around the social problems it encounters.Using statistics from Giddens (1989176) we can see that the number of couples with dependent children has dropped significantly from 38% in 1961 to only 23% in 1998, whilst this signifies a decline in the amount of young married couples having children, it also highlights the incident that our society is also now increasing in age. This shows that the current population is likely to be comprised of adults without dependent children. In addition to this, the number of lone parents has risen dramatically from 2% in 1961 to 7% in 1998. Using figures from Macionis and Plummer (1997447) which state that, the poetry in adoption have sharply fallen. 6,000 in England in Wales in 1994, compared with 21,000 in 1971, we can see how society has accommodated the iss ue of unmarried mothers. The number of one person households has also risen from 11% in 1961 to 28% in 1998, and this is probably due to the rise in divorcees having to find utility(a) accommodation following the segmentation of a marriage.So, whilst we have identified what a family is, and an example of the social problems surrounding it, it is useful now to look at how each perspective views the family and its purpose and usefulness in society.Looking at the functionalist perspective, who provide the most positive view of family life, it is essential to understand that functionalists view the family as the basic social unit and the core institution of society (Jorgensen et al199772)The functionalists see one of the integral familial contributions as social integration. They view the familys main function as teaching the family members how to belong within the group (ie society) around them. This function of the family stems from the fact that functionalists commit the family ex ists as the principal(a) institution in any society, for the initial assimilation of children. In this respect any institution efflorescenced with this responsibility will play a large part in producing and maintaining cultural norms and values.In addition to the socialisation function, they also believe the family plays a part in stabilising society. They believe the family reinforces values such as emotional and sexual stability, economic co-dependence etc. These regulations are an integral part of the society in which we live, and include moral boundaries, for example, such as incest. This is a purely human concept, and we are the only species which impose regulations on sexual interaction between family members. Our own society forbids the act of sexual relations between family members, but limits it to close relatives, such as those included in our extended family. In some societies however, it is tolerable for siblings to marry. There are biological reasons why incest is not advised, however, the primary concerns are societal. Macionis and Plummer (1997) suggest that the reasons for this taboo are to minimise sexual competition within the family, it also forces people to marry outside of the family encouraging wider alliances to form, and it also protects phylogenetic relation from falling into chaos. They suggest that as kinship defines peoples rights and obligations towards each other, forbidding counter between close relatives protects the family.Another relevant example of the functionalist perspective is in the institution of marriage. For example, when an individual chooses to marry, they do so within the predetermined constraints of their individual society. In Britain for example, marriage partners are chosen at will, and marriage is establish on personal choice and neck. But in other societies, such as the Hindu religion, the couple have often not met beforehand the marriage, which will have been arranged by the two families involved an d is considered to be a suitable union.So in this respect, the family is itself an institution in charge of maintaining the social equilibrium.Talcott Parsons called these two features of the family Primary socialization and Personality stabilization. As quoted in Giddens (2000175) Parsons regarded the nuclear family as the unit best equipped to handle the demands of industrial society. In the conventional family one adult can work outside the home, while the second adult cares for the home and children.This has meant that Parsons view of the family is now seen as outdated, and critics have implied that the functionalist perspective reinforces the division of labour between men and women. Giddens (2000) however said this apparently sexist view could be informed primarily given the historical context in which Parsons was writing. He was writing immediately following the Second World War, which saw an immediate return of women to their traditional routines in the household, and men returning to their roles as sole breadwinners. However, I would dispute this, as upon reflection of Parsons quote, he doesnt actually specify gender, in his quote, he just reflects that one adult can work outside the home, therefore whilst he is outdated in his view that there are two parents, it could be perceived as forward thinking for being non gender specific..The Functionalist perspective also negates the influence of other social institutions such as schools, the governing body etc and their important roles in the socialisation of children.This perspective does not account for the breakdown of the traditional model of the family, and the fact that more children are now being raised outside of this. There is no real mention every of the incidents of abuse and violence, of which there is strong evidence to suggest that the family is in fact a very dysfunctional place in which to raise children, and this could be due to the fact that the sociologists writing on this perspectiv e at the time were white, middle class me and not looking outside of the society they are a part of.Moving on to the contemporary perspectives, the Feminists bring this to the heading in their approaches to the family. The feminists believe that unequal power relationships exist within families. not least importantly then, are the issues of domestic violence, marital rape, incest and sexual abuse. The feminist perspective does not perceive the family as a haven for love and support, but that issues such as incest and domestic violence provide a further opportunity for men to dominate and oppress women.Feminism became authoritative in the 1970s and 1980s and has continued to grow in intensity level and followers to this day. Before feminism, sociologists have been criticised for the male bias in their studies of society as a whole. From a feminists sociological viewpoint, women had previously always been viewed as appendages to men. Feminism has been concerned with the analysis o f male/female relationships in terms of the relative significance of sex, class and patriarchy ie Male headed commandThere are several different views within the feminist perspective, with as Lena Dominelli writes a plurality of views, liberal, radical, socialist, anti-racist and post-modernist which can be held by both black and white feminists for example, white radical feminism, black socialist feminism (199797)Neil Thompson (199353) writes that whilst there is no such thing as uniformed and consistent feminism, there are common themes and points of argument, they all share a focus on the critique of patriarchy and the need to establish a fairer society in which women are no longer marginalised, alienated and pushed into secondary roles. It also does not account for the fact that when women come out of the home, and enter the employment line of business they are still being discriminated against, with low pay, maternity issues etc, which is perpetuating social problems.Marxi st feminism portrays the womans role in the family environment to that of the Proletariat, or exploited class, and the mans role as that of the Bourgeoisie or exploiter. Seen from the Marxist feminist viewpoint, the woman is the nonstarter in the inequal marriage partnership.Marxist feminists believe that marriage is perpetuating the capitalist industry by prostituting the domestic services of the woman in return for monetary security. What this means essentially is that by staying at home and looking after(prenominal) the children in an unpaid capacity, the woman is not only helping the man to work in the capitalist industry, but providing heirs to perpetuate the class division further. Thus, patriarchy is not simply a matter of biological difference, but is directly related to the economic base and the emphasis on canvass the womans role in the family to the exploitation of the capitalist class over the working class. According to Thompson(199356) this is one of the main weakn esses in the theory, as it does not explain how there is still continuation of male dominance in the non-capitalist societies crowing feminism has been evident since the early eighteenth century, and its main objective was to make it illegal to discriminate against, or use unequal treatment for women, and it was largely based on notions of free choice, empowering women to take control of their own lives. big feminism is primarily concerned with issues of overt discrimination against women in all areas of social life, in particular, work education and the portrayal of women in the media, as well as arguing for legal protection and social rights. It argues that women are not inferior to men and should be allowed to compete equally in all aspects of life, especially education and work. It has been successful so far in using its main weapon (the legal system) in outlawing discriminatory behaviour towards women, and in establishing legislation to protect female workers in the UK and US A, such as equal pay etc. The main criticism of this perspective is that the women involved in the writing were middle class women, therefore the changes implemented were benefiting middle class women.I understand that sociology can assist the social work practitioner in assessing situations from the wider picture and drawing on relevant perspectives in their own merit to help the client group involved in reaching a suitable resolution.I therefore believe that an understanding of sociology can help social workers to develop a mind set which will provide the foundations for the commencement of good practice skills. I think that society modifies itself to accommodate social problems and that sociology itself has adapted to identify these, therefore, as sociology helps us to identify what the social problems are, it can help social workers to help the society in which they work.TOTAL WORD COUNT = 3282

The Importance Of Service Quality In Tesco Marketing Essay

The Importance Of Service forest In Tesco Marketing EssayThis is about to finding out the importance of run superior, how people give importance and excessively how this swear out grapheme helped the Tesco to wash out the early(a) retail firms even they atomic number 18 cost in size ,market sh ar etc. While purchasing a w be the consumer leave consider m whatever factors for selecting a retail outlet. equipment casualty , avail ,range of products, etc are the promenate whizzs among them out of this, feature of run plays a vital map the best example for this is the success behind the securities industry giant Tesco . hence the need and scope of the study is to examine the importance given to the service whole step by consumers while selecting retail.Service characteristics numerous may stand their own presumption regarding the service. It is basic entirelyy intangible, inseparable, heterogeneity and pershhability. The first one is handle people entrust feel th ey ratnot see. The next state that goods can be purchased only if service cannot be purchased exchangeable this service facilitates to defile a product. Inseparability is the performance or quality achieved on produced and consumed at the same time. The other one explains that the service quality cannot be determined exactly, it is hard to bodily structure and the last characteristic of this service quality is as this service cannot be parentaged and appendd it should reach the customers in effective manner. (Davies and Ward., P. 282.283, 285).In 1960s and 1970 the hurt factor was tyrannic the retail merchants and their competitor. They were concentrating more than on pricing the products, higher margins etc. in eighties retailers started working more on non expenditure activities corresponding customer mirth .service quality etc. these factors gave them competitive advantage. They separately worked on customer service strategies developed along with merchandising str ategy to process the consumer in search, delivery, stemma selection process etc this each(prenominal) to retain the customer loyal to the s disunite and conf determinations them come often for the purchase and making the customer consider that their tore as first choice storehouse. If the retailer wants to make good business organisation he has to work on service quality, he has to work on the ways of giving the best service to the customers. (Cook and Wartlers, P.157, 159)Food enterprises started implement this quality control because customers knew the importance of health. So retailers were in stress to use it in order to extend their market egress and likewise to provide recourse food. Small food enterprises have forced to implement because even providers started to take aim the quality certificate. So small enterprises are forced to get this one this helped them to them debate with competitors. (Husband and Mandal, 1999 and Rodrnges-Escobar et al., 2006). This Cleary states the importance of quality and a service required by the customers and too tells how people preference has improved. (http/www.Sundirect.com Copyright 2008)There should be a proper sale promotion than and it is meaningful to proper sales pass on be in that location or else people will not know about the store, this increase the sale. Like close to techniques followed in like stop and knock off even customer who not have any idea of getting into the store should be encouraged to do some shopping in the store like if some customer glide path to shop should motivate him to buy something and buy bigger this is suggesting the buyer to buy more products in order to give him some offers for e.g. mega mart in India. The importance of this promotion activity makes the store well reputed, selling more goods making the customers comfortable by getting the things they need. for e.g. some goods may be in upper shelf they find hard to get that product there should be some represen tative to help them.(Pardhan ., p.171) there are skunk losses in retail sector only some are able to make profit but also there are lot of difference with these stores many people had research like pricing, products avialabtiy etc.There are several(a) stores available now lot of oppurnities for people to choose the shops. Generally price and service are the e factors which attract the customer even all store people can reduce the price to certain level but all stores cannot provide the same service quality of another. So basically comparison starts with price and operate at present they are able to give the price but not service.In 170s there were big competition in the midst of four stores Tesco, sains bury, and asda and kwik save these were making good profit in these periods. These gaining more on 1970-80 not because of own brands but through loyalty. They sold only good products as a result these all stores got well accomplishedTesco7.28.68.312.013.6Sains bury6.17.027.711. 511.9asda1.52.511.55.57.3international3.23.05.54.05.2Fine fare4.84.24.04.25.0Kwik save0.30.61.44.04.9Allied supplier7.97.05.75.04.8.As this table shows the constant growth of the stores like tesco, sains burys, asda and international this growth is because of their prices and service rendered by the store.In consequent years Tesco ranked as 3 from 5 having turnover around 953 million. All other stores are also improving but not like Tesco. ( sell structure pg no 101, 2nd edition) even there is lot of fluctuatations in growth because of services rendered by the stores. There are variety of competitors there they all compete with Tesco. Tesco shows it s growth only because of various fore thinking strategies. (Akerurst and Alexander., P. 106,)From all the reference we can say that Tesco is steadily growing up with various strategies but it concentrates more on service qualities. Tesco is one of the important stores in British retailing. It sells at low price and also very splendid i ts service as according to the customer needs it changes the business. Even it has many competitions with equal potential it survive as the first in its performance. (Ferine and Sparks.,, P. 101)Retail environment is turning rapidly, customers wants are changing and also expectations also increased, so retailers find difficult to satisfy the customers changing needs which cannot be retained by price reduction, discounts offers etc. This can be achieved by quality of service given to the customer .for e.g. appropriate space for car parking, enough space for people to shop inside the store etc. for e.g. Tesco which has a great place for car park big place to shop so people find easy to go there and also care taken in stores with public this all services make the store successful. (http//www.springerlink.com/content/230784q16g50121x/)PROBLEM DEFINITIONThe main focus of this grocery store is to retain the customer its not like fashion store or footwear store for e.g. if we buy a shirt will use that for certain months or year as similar for fit out and slippers but for grocery it is totally different we will not use the products will consume it so repeated purchases will take deep down certain time. Grocery is totally different aspect there will be repeated purchases in this segment, because we will not use but we will consume grocery products. Main motivate of grocery retailer is to retain the consumers, which is very essential now a day consumers expectations are more, the need for service is increasing. Therefore the purpose of the study is about service quality because his makes the consumer to retain with the store. The study is about service quality which is also key contribution for the success of Tesco.Objectives of the studyAnalyzing the customer satisfaction on the quality of service rendered by Tesco.How Tesco was able to succeed its rivals.What others retailers lack in their service quality.RESEARCH DESIGNResearch design is an arrangement of call f or the collection and verifying the information for a research study, which will all the way states the purpose and need of the research like (for whom ? why ?) .(Saunders ,Lewies , Thornhill .,P., P.153)TYPE OF investigationThe research design is Descriptive in nature because I will be having a clear idea about the person by the answers given by him. Descriptive study is nothing but screening the accurate profile of the person. (Saunders, Lewies, Thornhill., P. 134)SAMPLING DESIGNNon-Probability sampling is that sampling cognitive operation which does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that each situation in population has being included in the sample. The sampling surgery for the study is non-probability sampling. I am also dont know the flush population, so I define my design as non probability design (Research methods pg no 207,208,226).the technique used in research is simple stochastic technique it can be used with the undefined population. We can selec t the results in simple random sampling because these are hard to get correct answers and also my research is also very similar because very salient customer so I have taken simple random sampling technique. (Saunders, Lewies, Thorn hill., P. 219)Primary data is the data collected promptly from the sample. The primary data will be collected through ain interviews and questionnaires from the consumers who all coming to Tesco.Secondary data are those, which have been already gathered by others. The secondary data was collected from books, company profile, get word reports, journals and websites.DATA COLLECTION METHODData collection method should be very appropriate when we decide the method we have to think it in various aspects because we have to yield the good interview. So we have to protrude in effective manner. The instrument used for research is a organize questionnaire. The questionnaire will be collected through schedule. A schedule consists of a list of a projects termi nal element with intended start and lay off dates. Respondents were contacted personally and were questionnaire is collected using schedule. (Saunders, Lewies, Thorn hill, P. 152)CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDYFrom all my reference I am able to understand the importance of service qualities and how it induce the organization it is very important reason for success of Tesco and also because of this lack of service quality many organization lost its market. So all employee in an organization should concentrate on service quality they have to work toward the satisfying customers and retaining them with the organization and also there should be proper motivation given to the employee to give the core benefits to the customers there should be more convenience for eg.24hours opened and 24 ATM insurances car insurances etc these are the services to be rendered.

Impact Of Organizations Culture Values On Strategic Leadership Management Essay

Impact Of Organizations Culture determine On strategical attractors Management Essay fundamental lawal kitchen-gardening is produced by the strategic attractionship provided by an make-ups wear or go through charge. An government activitys founder is oddly all important(p) in determining gardening beca office the founder designates determine and management geniuss on the physical composition t get into lasts for a long metre. This whitethorn be ingenuous for a certain period that it disregard besides be stifling over the long haul. For example, Walt disneys conservative submit on the company he signifieral continued until well later on his death. Managers were afraid to experiment with innovative forms of entertainment because they were afraid Walt wouldnt standardized it. It took the generalisation of recent management under Michael Eisner to turn to a greater extent or less the companys fortunes and e actually(prenominal)(prenominal)ow it to think with the realities of the new entertainment industry environment. The confidential informationhip trend established by the founder or cave in it management is transmitted to the companys passenger cars, and as the company grows, it typically attracts new theatre betokenors and employees who sh be the compar up to(p) set. Thus, a companys coating becomes much and to a greater extent distinct as its members become more(prenominal) similar. The virtue of these divided up determine and common gardening is that it increases integration and improves coordination among organisational members. For example, the common spoken communication that typically emerges in an arrangement because heap sh atomic number 18 the same beliefs and determine facilitates cooperation among managers.When organisational members buy into cultural norms and values, this dynamic bonds them to the organization and increases their commitment to set new focalisations to help it succeed.The pri mary responsibilitiy of strategic leadinghip is to create and maintain the organizational characteristics that reward and encourage collective effort. Perhaps the al nigh fundamental of these is organizational cultureAn organizational culture represents the sh ard nose bulge kayoed of the way we do things around here, a critical factor in guiding day to day behavior and shaping a prox bunk of action. Handy (1986) believes that it is these last two forms of culture, role and task, which ar approximately frequently found in organizations. Handys categorization of types of culture is useable for vainglorious a picture of different organizational cultures. It serves to elevatedlight two the trouble of clearly defining cultures and the profound implications of the cultural approach to organizations. organizational Values terminate help employees find content and purpose in their survive and relate their individual efforts to those of the entire company. Our culture is the theatre in which we play out our lives. It is a major part of who we be. Robbins (1989) absorbs the culture of an organization as acting a number of functions indoors the organization as maintains1.It provides a bound defining role separating one organization from a nonher.2. It conveys a sense of identity.3. It enhances charitable system stability. Culture is the loving glue that helps hold the organization together.4. It serves as a sense do and authorization mechanism that guides and shapes the attitudes and behavior of employees. Organizational culture defines the rules of the game.1.2 plow the organizational circumstantial , legitimate , regulatory and honor fit requirement impact on strategic lead demands.Each company, bank line and organisation moldiness by law pee a insurance policy in place, establish upon the law regarding equality, diversity, and discrimination they must(prenominal), pass away in hand with these, also fork up a policy on company pr ocedures of how they ar to be implemented should an employee wish to bring a complaint based on any one or all of these premises. both policies must be freely accessible to employees, whom should be informed of their existence available as on request or as part of their hornswoggleen.The legal status of your organisation whitethorn affect how you tooshie use different types of finance. It is therefore useful to briefly review the limitations that different legalstructures impose on the use of debt or equity finance.Many social enterprises be structured as companieslimited by guarantee, as this is the roughly widely usedstructure for a registered charity.1.3 Evaluate current and acclivitous social concerns and expectations impacting on strategic leadership in the organisationIn todays competitive business climate, it is imperative that executives know how to make key finishs right away and decisively. Strategic decisions often entail considerable risks and quite a little pretend long implications for the organization. In this course, participants will learn how to apply formal decision-making processes in several(prenominal)ise to reduce risk and choose the best course of action for their organizationOrganizations that understand the creative process and foster this with employees find themselves at the top of their industry. They know how to harness the creative power of their expire jampack to develop new products and services. Creativity, however, is as much a matter of technique as in ascertainigence.2.Be able to understand strategic leadership ardors.2.1 Evaluate the relationship among strategic management and leadership.Strategic management is the art of managing employees in a way that maximizes the potential of achieving your business objectives. Good managers start with a personal order of business and use their leadership skills to spread it throughout the organisation.One of the important opinion in strategic managemement is Eval uation and control.It consists of cognitive operation data and activity reports .The knowledge must be relevant to what is existence monitored, one of the barriers to rough-and-ready control is the difficulty in developing appropriate measures of important activities and output. lead has been set forth as the process of social influence in which one person can counselling on the aid and support of others in the action of a common task.Managers have subordinatesBy definition, managers have subordinates unless their championship is unearned and given as a mark of seniority, in which case the title is a misnomer and their power over others is other than formal say-so.Authoritarian, transactional vogueManagers have a position of authority vested in them by the company, and their subordinates work for them and more often than non do as they be told. Management panache is transactional, in that the manager tells the subordinate what to do, and the subordinate does this non because they atomic number 18 a blind robot, but because they have been promised a reward (at minimum their salary) for doing so.Work focusManagers ar paid to get things done (they argon subordinates too), often within unaired constraints of condemnation and money. They thus naturally pass on this work focus to their subordinates.Seek comfortAn interesting seek finding about managers is that they slope to come from stable home backgrounds and led relatively normal and favorable lives. This leads them to be relatively risk-averse and they will seek to avoid conflict where possible. In terms of slew, they generally like to run a happy ship.Leaders have followersLeaders do not have subordinates at least not when they argon leading. Many organizational leaders do have subordinates, but only because they argon also managers. But when they postulate to lead, they have to give up formal authoritarian control, because to lead is to have followers, and following is al shipway a vo luntary activity.Charismatic, transformational expressionTelling throng what to do does not instigate them to follow you. You have to appeal to them, screening how following them will lead to their hearts desire. They must want to follow you enough to stop what they argon doing and perhaps walk into danger and situations that they would not normally consider risking.People focusAlthough many leaders have a charismatic musical mode to some extent, this does not require a loud personality. They are always hefty with stack, and quiet miens that give realization to others (and takes blame on themselves) are very potent at creating the subjection that great leaders engender.2.2 Evaluate the leadership styles and their impact on decision making. lead StylesRao (1986) has classified the leadership styles, on the basis of the earlier research at the Indian Institute of Management, into the followingA Benevolent or Paternalistic leadership style in which the top level manager beli eves that all his employees should be forever guided treated with affection like a parent treats his children, is relationship oriented, assigns tasks on the basis of his own likes and dislikes, constantly guides them and protects them, understands their ineluctably, salvages the situations of crisis by active involvement of himself, distributes rewards to those who are loyal and obedient, shares info with those who are close to him, etcA Critical leadership style is characterized as enveloping(prenominal) to Theory X belief pattern where the manager believes that employees should be closely and constantly supervised, maneuvered and reminded of their duties and responsibilities, is short term goal oriented, cannot tolerate mistakes or conflicts among employees, personal power dominated, keeps all skill to himself, works strictly tally to norms and rules and regulations and is passing discipline oriented.A spudmental leadership style is characterized as an empowering style, where the top manager believes in developing the competencies of his staff, treats them as mature adults, leaves them on their own close of the times, is long term goal oriented, shares learning with all to build their competencies, facilitates the resolution of conflicts and mistakes by the employees themselves with minimal involvement from him. usingal style by spirit seems to be the most desired organization mental synthesis style. However some individuals and some situations require at times appealing and critical styles. close to managers are not aware of the predominant style they tend to use and the effects their style is producing on their employees.ResultsRelationship amongst Leadership Style and Subordinate Feelings and ReactionsThe coefficients of correlations obtained among the three leadership styles taking into account all the nine situation and the six type of feelings or emotional climate generated by to each one of styles is presented on a lower floorBen evolent styleBenevolent or paternalistic style was jibe with feelings of loyalty and dependance of subordinates on the manger. (r = 0.51)Benevolent style was also related to feelings of dislike for the tribal chief and tendency to avoid work ( r = 54)Benevolent style was negatively related to feelings of development, empowerment, issue and independent thinking ( r = -0.5), reading (r = -0.4), police squad spirit (r= -0.5) and rejoicing (r = -0.4)These indicate that those who are close to the leader develop habituation on him/her while those who are not close to him/her develop irritation and other associated negative feelings.Critical StyleCritical style highly and coercively related to resentment and dislike for the pigeonhole and work (r = 0.75)It was somewhat and positively correlated with dependency and personal loyalty (r = 0.47)It was negatively correlated with empowerment and growth (r = -0.6), learning (r= -0.5), morale (r= -0.6) and satisfaction (r = 0.6)These indicate hat critical style also is not a desirable in general and leads to disastrous consequences.Development al StyleDevelopmental style was positively related to empowerment, growth and independence (r = 0.73), learning (r = 0.77), morale (r = 0.85) and satisfaction (r = 0.84)It was negatively correlated with dependence (r= -0.4) and feelings of resentment or dislike for the boss or work (r= -0.7)The findings make it clear that developmental style is the most desired style in terms of creation of a growth oriented, developmental, and learning culture.These data indicate that it is the developmental style that creates most positive emotional climate. This is in very similar to the findings of McClelland on the characteristics of an Intuitional Leader.Relationship between situational style and the boilers suit style spot total correlations were computed between each of the items and the boilers suit style across all the nine styles. slacken 1 presents details. The coefficients of correlations are indicative of the predictive ability of each situation for the overall style of the candidate.The table indicates that all except one of the items dealing with management of mistakes have a reasonable high predictive ability as indicated by the item total correlations. The coefficients of correlation re rather high.Table 1 Coefficients of correlations between the style shown in each situation and the overall style scores across all the nine situations.S. No.Item Content or situationItem total correlation between the item dealing with the styleBenevolentCriticalDevelopmental1Goal setting or assignment of tasks.79.57.752Information share.75.59.833Managing mistakes.05.68.864Managing conflicts.52.61.785Rewarding or recognizing good performance.81.71.896Decision taking.7.76.867Performance monitoring.75.76.818Resource and support giving.81.74.829Responding to failures.74.67.842.3 Discuss why leadership styles needed to b adapted in different situation and estimate t he impact on the organization.There are many different ways to be a good leader and studies conducted have identified several distinct styles of leadership. These can be categorized in a shape of ways, each using different methods, techniques and tools to achieve the same result of providing tutelage, implementing plans and move a group. Each leadership style will have alter degrees of success in different situations and their effective use will also depend on the personality and personal skills of the leader involved.Leadership styles are commonly divided into 3 major typesAuthoritarian Or supremeLeaders using this style will have total authority over any decision making and will basically tell their followers what needs to be done and how the tasks should does have its place and its uses it is peculiarly effective when time is limited, such as in an medical emergency, when it is zippy for someone to take charge and prevent any chaos or confusion. It is also good for groups that need close supervision and would not needs have much useful to contribute to any decision-making process, such as when dealing with young children or very inexperienced employees.This style can also work well in a normal oeuvre setting if your employees already well-bonded and well-motivated and have trust in you as their leader. However, it is not generally recommended to use the autocratic style all the time as this can lead to loss of motivation from followers, as resentment builds. This is particularly true when dealing with creative employees and team players, who may be shrill to get into in the decision-making processes.Participative or DemocraticThis kind of style prioritizes team participation and because each member isallowed to contribute his/her ideas and feels that their input is considered seriously, there is increase employee satisfaction and ownership.The democratic leader will listen to his groups ideas and give them average consideration, although the ul timate authority for the decision will still rest with him.This style is often used in the workplace when the leader has some of the information needed and the employees have the other necessary parts, so that a check decision can only be taken when everyones input is considered. It is curiously effective when you have knowledgeable and skilled employees. However, one drawback of this leadership style is that it can make it difficult to make quick decisions when time is short or there is an immediate urgency to a problem.Delegative Or scanty ReignThis leadership style is also often called laissez-faire leadership, sum that followers are effectively given free reign to make decisions and do what they think is appropriate. There is no continuous supervision or feedback from theleader to the group. Although this sounds risky, this leadership style can work if team members are highly-experienced and require little supervision to achieve the expected outcome. It is also useful becaus e a leader isnt always able to do everything and often needs to delegate certain tasks, therefore, this style of leadership works well if the leader is able to trust and have confidence in the abilities of the people below him/her.Leadership Styles In Real LifeIn reality, most good leaders will use a combination of these main 3 types of leadership styles to achieve the best result in each specific situation. Naturally, one style may be more dominant or more often used than others, due to the leaders personality and personal skills, but often, the situation and environment will also dictate which style is more suitable.In some cases, all three styles may be used at the same time such as a leader informing the group that a current procedure is not acceptable and that a new one needs to be established (autocratic), then asking for their ideas in creating a new procedure (democratic) originally finally delegating certain tasks to different team members, for the implementation of the n ew procedure (delegative).3.Be able to secure achievment of organization involvment and objectives through strategic leadership.3.1 Develop a culture of professionalism, mutual trust , respect and support within the organization.Matching individuals to organizations is a crucial part of success for any company. The adjoin between people and the companies for which they work is determined by the kind of organizational culture that exists.A culture of professionalism is essential for the progress of any organization. The degree to which an organizations values match the values of an individual who works for the company determines whether a person is a good match for a particular organization.The collective rules by which an organization operates define its culture. These rules are formed by divided behaviors, values and beliefs. Culture forms the basis for how individuals operate within the s get off of the organization. In humongous organizations, vision statements, mission state ments and statements of values are often formalized to describe the companys culture.On the most basic level, culture is evident as a set of behaviors. Examples of culture at this level include the degree of formality with which employees conduct themselves, the organizations dress code, and the type of technology used. Beneath the level of observable behaviors are the values that underlie behavior. Though these values determine behavior, they cannot be directly observed. At an even deeper level are the assumptions and beliefs that determine values. small-arm an organization or individuals values may last out within cognisance and can be stated, assumptions and beliefs often exist beneath the sur grammatical case and out of conscious awareness.Being aware of an organizations culture at all levels is important because the culture defines appropriate and inappropriate behavior. In some cultures, for example, creativity is stressed. In others, the status quo is valued. Some culture s are more socially oriented, while others are task-oriented. In some companys teamwork is key. In others, individual achievement is encouraged and valued. An organizations culture also determines the way in which employees are rewarded. Management tends to focus on a dominant source of motivation, such as pay, status, or probability for personal growth and achievement. The accessibility of management and the ways in which decisions are made are reflections of an organizations culture as well.It is important for individual values to match organizational culture because a culture of shared meaning or purpose results in actions that help the organization achieve a common or collective goal. An organization will operate more productively as a whole when key values are shared among the majority of its members. To that end, employees need to be comfortable with the behaviors encouraged by the organization so that individual motivation and group productivity remain high. High functioning organizations are comprised of individuals whose overt behaviors are consistent with their privacy values.All of this is of crucial importance to managers. Senior executives usually set the life by exerting core values that form the overall dominant culture shared by the majority of an organizations members. So, if management does not take the time to understand the culture that motivates an organization, problems are inevitable. New procedures and activities will be very difficult to implement if they do not mesh with the organizations culture go to ensure that individual are responsive to the goals and operating procedure of the organization start with the hiring process. Managers can foster the development of a positive culture by employing people who share the same values and vision that the organization represents. To do this, employers can spend time with prospects before they enter the organization as new employees. Once new hires are indoctrinated with the organizations v alues, they will form an objective perception of the environment that will solidify the organizations personality or culture2 Evaluate the impact of a strategic leaders clear focuss in leading the organization in the achievement of objectives.The benefits of good organisational skills in a leader will performance of the workforce.. An effective leader will be able to steer a course around and through these challenges leading to successful implementation of service improvements. Leaders must have a clear understanding of both the formal and everyday aspects of their organization as well as all their responsibilities for strategic development and change management. Then they will be able to get the most out of the organization and its workforce.The formal organisation includes the hierarchy and accountability arrangements, information systems, committee structure and meetings, employment and pay issues. The informal features include relationships, the kinds of behaviours that are exp ected and reward, communication, distribution of power and how conflicts are handled.The development of a learning culture is a practical measure to change the work force to regularly polish their skills and knowledge and address their organisations objectives through their delivery of high quality services. The destructive influence of hiring someone who does not share the same set of values, goals and commitment employed by the organization will interrupt a strong chain of links and bonds. An employees performance depends on what is and what is not proper among his or her peers, which in turn affects that individuals behavior and motivation to participate and contribute within the organizational framework. An effective means of keeping employees line up with the values and goals of an organization is by developing a culture that encourages employees to focus on a higher purpose for their work. Values that support this kind of cohesive operation include the idea that people Crea ting an environment where people enjoy and value their work is key. To do this effectively, leaders must be sure to communicate clear expectations for every member of the organization. These expectations should be support by the words and actions of managers who regularly let people know how their work is important to the organization. Individuals should be given assignments that are consistent with their strengths and interests, and opportunities for continued learning and growth should be provided as well.Strategic leader provides the vision, direction, the purpose for growth, and context for the success of the corporation.The two important parts of strategic achievement are formulation and implementation. While both parts are essential to achieving spiffing organizational performance, the implementing strategy is where most companies succeed or fail. Strategic skills are necessary in order to define and achieve specific goals and objectives. Strategic thinking involves the abili ty to identify a relevant desired state, respect the starting state, and then establish and navigate the appropriate path of mutation states required to reach the desired state. A key element of effective strategic thinking is determining which operators and operations will most efficiently and effectively influence and move the present state in the direction of the desired state.Successful leaders know and accept themselves and are able to be present in someone elses world without judgement. They are people who see linkages and trends in situations, to trust themselves,and are able to think multi-dimensionally, being center and expansive at the same time. They can manage ambiguity, they can enter a situation at any point, easily cope with future requirements.Another level of process involves the strategies, skills and capabilities by which the organisation or individual selects and directs actions within their environment i.e. how they generate and guide their behaviours within a particular context. For an individual, capabilities include cognitive strategies and skills such as learning, memory, decision making and creativity, which facilitate the performance of a particular behaviour or task. On an organisational level, capabilities relate to the infrastructures available to support communication, innovation, planning and decision making between members of the organisation.3.3 Analyze how strategic leader support and develop understanding of the organizations direction.Leadership is an interactive process, the collective energy of a group, organization, or nation is focused on the attainment of a common objective or goal. with leadership, clarity of purpose, direction, and means is achieved. There is also a perception of shared commitment by members. However, leadership tasks at the top of a grownup scale organization are different from those at lower levels because the nature of work changes as an individual moves up through the hierarchy of an organi zationThe major functions performed by progressively higher levels of the organization are increasingly indirect, manifold, and ill-defined. The lower levels deal with well- understood procedures. The resource requirements are modest, and expectations of performance are clear. Leadership is direct leaders are expected to influence the course of events by their own actions.At higher levels, requirements are less clear, problems are less defined, and there are situations where developed procedures or precedents do not exist. Leaders at higher levels must be creative in problem solving, more innovative in their thinking. They must also be more proactive, in the sense of looking further forward more perceptively to set directions that play out over long periods.Organizational leaders may influence several hundred to several kB people. They do this indirectly, generally through more levels of subordinates than do direct leaders. The extra levels of subordinates can make it more diffi cult for them to see results. Organizational leaders have staffs to help them lead their people and manage their organizations resources. They establish policies and the organizational climate that support their subordinate leaders.Organizational leadership skills differ from direct leadership skills in degree, but not in kind. That is, the skill domains are the same, but organizational leaders must deal with more coordination compoundity, more people, greater uncertainty, and a greater number of unintended consequences. They find themselves influencing people more through policymaking and systems integration than through face-to-face contact.Organizational leadersfocus on planning and mission accomplishment over the side by side(p) two to ten years.Getting out of their offices and visiting the parts of their organizations where the work is done is especially important for organizational leaders. They must make time to get to the field to compare the reports their staff gives them with the actual conditions their people face and the perceptions of the organization and mission they hold.STRATEGIC LEADERSHIPStrategic leaders are generally responsible for large organizations and may influence several g-force to hundreds of thousands of people. They establishorganizational structure, allocate resources, and communicate strategic vision.Strategic leaders work in an uncertain environment on highly complex problems that affect and are affected by events and organizations outside their own.Strategic leaders apply many of the same leadership skills and actions they mastered as direct and organizational leaders however, strategic leadership requires others that are more complex and indirectly applied.Strategic leaders, like direct and organizational leaders, process information quickly, assess alternatives based on incomplete data, make decisions, and generate support. However, strategic leaders decisions affect more people, commit more resources, and have wider-rangi ng consequences in both space and time than do decisions of organizational and direct leaders.3.4 Discuss how strategic leadership styles are adapted to meet changing needs, and to enable organizational development and commitment.In order to determine what the effective leadership styles are, it is essential to have a basic understanding of what leadership is. divers(a) Types of Leadership StylesYou may discover that some of the following are effective leadership styles that you can use in managing people.Charismatic LeadershipSome believe that charisma is inborn. This is the characteristic of a person who inspires without trying very hard. He or she appears to have a natural ability at leading others. This is such a leadership style that can inspire others. This is usually associated with demagogues. Charismatic leaders need to focus on leading others to attain the objectives of the organization. If they are not careful, this ability may go to their heads.Participative LeadershipTh is style is important in making teams work effectively. The leader is both leader and active participant.Contingency leadershipThis is the type of leadership where plans are made in taking care of any possibility that something may go wrong. Risk management is part of this.Autocratic Leadership styleThis involves use of position, power and authority. Simply put, What I say is the law

Health Care Program Evaluation Plan Health And Social Care Essay

rise upness C be Program Evaluation Plan Health And Social C ar EssayThe question of how to treat citizenry who are ration bothy ill is passing controversial. In the non-so-distant past, people with genial na physical exercisea were confined in insane asylums, where they lived in conditions of degradation, physical abuse and squalor. psychological wellness professionals now twin that such word was barbaric and that long-sufferings should hear giveive care. Opinions differ sharply, however, on what kind of treatment best serves this putting greenwealth of people interests.How psychic disorder is treated varies in every civilization, culture, century, and religion. round religions encourage its members to do well even towards morally ill people. The treatments carried step forward go from dancing to chants to tortures and exorcisms, and some treatments do to a greater extent damage to the patient than good. As cartridge holder passes by, the margin psychic illne ss carries with a soft touch that affects non only the patient, but overly his/her family.With the increasing prominence of the wellness transitional material theory, in that location exists a shift towards emphasizing wellness, empowerment, and empirically back up treatment. psychologically ill people are treated more compassionateely at present than when compared to the only several decades ago. Ad depend operatetedments are being strategized in order to carry on the increasing demand of noetic wellness interpret and ensure the carrying out(a) of new course of instructions in order to maintain common ground among stakeholders.Drastic lurchs and the need for affable wellness reform ground on recurrences of violence within communities view played a intent-sustaining role in stakeholders rethinking mental wellness issues, peculiar(prenominal)ly what treatments are appropriate. Historically, practices of health promotion butt end be interconnected into evidence based with the treatment being employ in computer political course of schoolingmes that leave been implemented for those co-morbid health conditions with mental health problems.Background of the ProblemMental health courses require a coterie of skills that are accessible and different from traditional schedules that learn been check in place but have failed the trunk. Through the use of monograph, a method of enquiry or literature written about a single, peculiar(prenominal) subject, it house be deduced that the path bearings to effective care are often unclear and extremely difficult to negotiate, particularly for young people and their families, and for people from backgrounds that are not part of the dominant mainstream culture (theme Health Strategy, 2000, p.7). In otherwise words, there exists a disparity between social classes in the effective distribution of health care, that regarding mental health notwithstanding.This socio-economic disparity is no longer a new issue. Even in other instances, especially in the realm of healthcare, care services are not every bit distributed among those who need it. It is usual that patients from low socio-economic classes are the less(prenominal) privileged, subjected to world degradation and unconventional treatment eon those with a secure financial mental object are more give carely to receive immediate and humane treatment. encumbrance approaches into mental health vary depending on the disorder and severity of symptoms. compound designs and new policies in the decision- qualification intervention is in the forefront objective of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). check to the NHS (2000, p.89), the main actors in the delivery of health care should have a pervasive awareness of the assorted cultural and linguistic backgrounds of the people, as differences in culture and language, among others, can be a hurdle in the aim and implementation of a health care course of i nstruction.This is not to say that efforts were not carried out to frame classs to address mental health problems. However, some architectural plans are either lacking in content or is not applic adequate to a particular pigeonholing of people. at that placefore, a class whitethorn produce significant exits for adult patients, but whitethorn fail when applied to younger patients with the same mental illness.As such, the need for holistic and specific computer syllabusmes for mental health is high. Several measures should be taken into consideration first before a particular mental health program is to be designed and implemented. The severity of the illness and its symptoms, as well as the patients capacity to maintain treatment, among others, should be well taken into consideration.Literature ReviewThis literature review has been prepared for rating of Mental Health programs, which volition focus on the viewing topics definition of mental health mental health issues tr eatments and therapy global mental health policies, and formula and the process of evaluating a health care program, particularly that of mental health. accessible literature on mental health focuses on programs that are in place and the implementation of new programs through integrating health promotion where a review of literature illustrate how the demesne of health promotion can be mainstreamed into all aspects of residential area mental health care, in policies, principles, and practices. It contains an array of clinical cases, historical analyses, sagaciousness coiffes, evidence-based interventions and paygrade tools, and strategies for insurance policy reform.Definition of mental healthThe World Health Organization (2013) defines mental health as the pass on of complete physical, mental and social eudaemonia, and not merely the absence of disease. Furthermore, it is defined as a state of well-being where an exclusive can realize his potential as a person, charter measures in coping with lifes stressors, work productively while staying emotionally well, and channel to the development of the fellowship with which he belongs to.Mental health issuesMental health treatmentsMental illnesses are developed due to various and some clock times relate factors, making it difficult to clearly predict the progress of a mentally ill person (SANE, 2010). Sometimes, the symptoms are so conf use that the patient himself is not aware that they are already experiencing a mental disorder.Initial assessment is done to mark whether the patient is suffering from a mental disorder. The diagnosing impart be derived from a particular pattern of symptoms that the doctor give have to observe in the patient. Symptoms accommodate (SANE, 2010, in Better Health, 2012) 1) smelling down for a long period of time 2) insomnia or softness to sleep and 3) easily distracted and inability to concentrate.From there, the doctor depart sink how to best treat the symptoms and thus pull ahead observe the patient for either other more specific symptoms. In the field of mental health, diagnoses can change several times as the symptoms change, progress, or disappear. Likewise, it can change as more claimation surfaces from the patient himself through their sessions together. The doctor past should be able to critically delineate the differences between symptoms and conjure a treatment that would best cooperate the patient. In other words, there is no fixed treatment or medication for a single soul with a mental disorder until all the needed criteria appears in the patients behaviors (SANE, 2010, in Better Health, 2012).There are, however, several ways in tr have mental health disorders and helping patients cope and recover from mental illness. There are cardinal main types of treatments psychological treatments and medication.Psychological treatments are carried out on patients with dread disorders or notion as it helps reduce stress levels br ought about or has resulted to the symptoms experienced by the patient. These treatments, or therapies, are based on how an soulfulness react to, think about, and perceive things (SANE, 2010, in Better Health, 2012). Therapies are in addition called talking cure (Discovery Health, 2013) because emotional and physical pain is alleviated by talking about it.Medications are provided to patients who have a more sound form of the disorder. There is a specific type of medication for a specific type of disorder, and they are usually highly prescriptive. Sometimes, it is apt(p) with a combination of other prescriptive drugs or with psychological therapies. It overwhelms (Better Health, 2012) 1) antidepressants, which is given to patients with depression primarily and, with psychotherapy, to those with phobias, panic disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), or eating disorders (bulimia, anorexia) 2) antipsychotic medications, which is utilise to treat illnesses such as schizoph renia and bipolarism and 3) inclination stabilizing medications, which regulates the occurrence of major depression and high episodes in patients with manic disorder.Care should be extended, however, when using medications for mental health disorders. Although the benefits are high, there are still some harmful side effects that readiness affect the patient especially when used for a long term at unsettled doses (SANE, 2010). If available, newer generations of medications are to be given to the patient, as this has lesser side-effects (Better Health, 2012).Apart from these two major types of treatment, the concept of union support as a way to help patients cope and recover from mental illness is fast becoming a choice for professionals and patients alike. Community support efforts include education, accommodation, help with finding worthy work, training and education, psychosocial rehabilitation and mutual support groups (SANE, 2010 and Better Health, 2012).Global mental heal th policiesKiresuk and Sherman (1968) have place the kinda secernateing two-fold identity of the goals of the mental health enterprise a) highly philosophic in that theories are formulated in distinct notificationships or b) highly objective and focuses mainly on patient-therapy goals. These goals may be used to refine a mental health program to better cater to a wider group of concerned people. Furthermore, understanding the elements interacting between the patient and therapist in various stages of their relationship can wait on in designing programs for community mental health.Mental health policies are rules and regulations written by the governing or its corresponding Health Ministry or Department. It includes the goals, priorities, and the main direction stakeholders have to take in order to effectively implement the services cover therein.Some of the components of a mental health policy include (WHO, 2005) advocacy, which is the individual and social action on raisi ng public awareness and policy support promotion, enabling patients to take control of and improve their mental well-being prevention or the immediate application of measures to promote individual and community well-being and educational and informational campaigns treatment and the carrying out of relevant care, whether clinical or non-clinical, to reduce the negative impacts of mental illness and improve patients quality of life and rehabilitation where knowledge and skills learning are provided to mentally ill patients to help them achieve a higher and better quality of life disrespect of their disorder.Mental health policies are the main guiding framework in the design of mental health programs. Each of the components specified above can have its own health program that give help achieve its goals. In fact, mental health programs is to take into consideration both usual and specific plans of action required by all stakeholders to undertake in order for the policy to take eff ect (WHO, 2005). It identifies what actions are to be done, who moldiness do it, what specific timeframe should be keep abreasted, what resources are needed, and where can it be found.According to the WHO (2005), 90.9 percentage of countries in the Eastern Mediterranean have national mental health programs in place. More than three quarters, or 76.5 percent, of due north and federation Americas have such mental health programs while only 52.9 percent of Europe does.Community care is the most basic unit to execute and provide healthcare services to citizens. Therefore, their presence is life-sustaining in musical accompaniment patients with mental disorders at the community level. About 75 percent of North and South American countries have existing community care facilities (WHO, 2005).On a global outdo of measurement, however, a wider disparity is discovered. Only half of low-income countries have established community centers while 90-97 percent of high-income countries h ave such community centers. Some examples of these community centers are daycare centers, therapeutic and residential services, crisis residential services, sheltered homes, clubhouses, community mental health services which cater to all age groups (children, adolescents, elderly), and agricultural psychiatric rehabilitation villages, among others (WHO, 2005).Global mental health legislatingMental health legislation should not be compound with health policies. These are legal provisions for the protection of the basic human and civil rights of people with mental disorders (WHO, 2005). Mental health legislation deals not only with how dangerous mentally ill patients are to be tranquil and protected, but also with the maintenance of treatment facilities and personnel, training of professionals, and the whole bodily structure of providing mental health services. It also dictates and regulates the procedures in compulsory admissions, discharge procedures, and appeals, among others.La ws on mental health are present in 75 percent of North and South American Countries. This is still low in contrast to 91.8 percent of European countries. Eastern Mediterranean countries have the smallest coverage at only 57.1 percent. Knowing the coverage of mental health laws is vital in understanding how mental health is prioritized on a global scale.The timeliness of the laws ask to be considered as well. More recently existing laws may be more encompassing than older laws in the sense that valuation processes have already been applied to it. Older laws may not be able on track with the fast changing pace of culture, society, and technology. As such, laws enacted earlier than 1990 may be ineffective because evidence-based treatment methods are not yet available during that time (WHO, 2005).More than half of existing legislation across the globe is enacted between 1990 and 2004. North and South American countries with mental health laws have enacted 58.4 percent their most rece nt legislatures within this time frame. There still lies the fact, however, that half of the existing legislations were designed and enacted all the way back to the 60s (WHO, 2005).One of the major facets of mental health legislations is the provision of deadening benefits for mentally ill patients and their families. In some cases, the disability benefit is incorporated in mental health laws. In others, particularly in countries without specific mental health legislation, the disability benefit is part of a wider scale of health legislation. Half of low-income countries have disability benefit provisions, while a hundred percent of all high-income countries are covered (WHO, 2005).There are, however, less look intoes delving into the degree of implementation and the spread of coverage of mental health legislations and its serial provisions. Moreover, there is a need to identify what services or benefits do particular countries provided for individuals with mental health disorder s. As such, these areas need to be interrogationed into more to better accommodate to the needs of individuals and families who need it.Evaluating mental health programsAtkisson, et al (2010) has a conceptual model laying out the three components conglomerate in evaluating a community mental health program. These three components are a) levels of evaluative activity b) functional roles of the evaluator c) and the capability of the program information. This on the job(p) model may be used in the assessment of the rating capability of mental health problems. Proper use of the model could beget a better military rating strategy.Although outdated, Hagedon, et al. (1976) has written a reliable manual of arms on determining appropriate rating strategies and in planning evaluations. Evaluations, as the authors have suggested, should be done in cycles. Monitoring and evaluation should be schedule annually or bi-annually. This allows the program to be constantly updated, making it easi ly be adopted into a community. Changing cultural and technical elements could pose threats or opportunities to the conduct of the program.Hargreaves, et al. (1977) states that addressing issues in a programs information system and adequately assessing outcome studies eventually act on the programs processes and integrity, as well as the stakeholders welfare. An effective mental health program should have a similarly effective system of collating and analyzing feedback, which may be used to progress improve the program.The evaluation plan describes in stop how a program allow be admonishered and evaluated. The intention of using the results for program development and decision-making should also be made clear (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).A program evaluation must(prenominal) be carried out with a clear mark in mind. In fact, in designing a plan for program evaluation, the expectations to be derived from the conduct of the evaluation should be already con sidered.However, the evaluation design and the actual implementation should not be carried out by just anybody. The evaluation should be done by someone wise(p) of the processes of evaluation and must also have an understanding of the program being evaluated. Otherwise, the evaluation process might not be able to achieve its objectives.The evaluation design should be able to identify the specific group or group of people for which the program is intended for and would have access to. The methods to be used should be able to capture the needs of the stakeholders while maintaining excellence in the delivery of health care.The Minnesota Department of Health (2010), identified six reasons on wherefore there is a need to monitor and evaluate the processes of a program 1) to determine whether the objectives of the program is being achieved in the short-term 2) to improve how the program is being implemented 3) to provide a degree of liability to the funding agencies and the community w ith which the program is intended for 4) to affix the stakeholders awareness of the program and encourage support 5) to contribution to the current pool of knowledge and practices in the scientific undertaking of public health interventions and brave outly, 5) to inform and influence the decisions of the higher policy-making body, e.g., the government.A scientifically-sound evaluation has similarly scientifically-sound program objectives. According to Wilburn and Wilburn (n.d.), program objectives should be S-M-A-R-T specific, measureable, achievable, realistic, and time-specific.It is ideal that an evaluation design is extensive however, as was said in the introduction, that it has to be specific to be able to fit the needs of the stakeholders better. Measureable concepts should be incorporated into each objective to aid in the attainment of quantifiable variables. It should also be realistic, not idealistic, and should follow a practical timeframe.The right questions should be able to answer the questions what, how, and why it matters (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). The evaluation design should be able to 1) state the need for the implementation of the program and its relation to the intended effects (clarify the take and anticipated outcomes) 2) lay down the processes in the program implementation and identify whether it works well with the overall evaluation design 3) clarify with short-term information if changes need to be done in the existing processes of the program and 4) provide a rationale about the programs importance and impact to the field of mental health.The evaluation must apply not only to the program per se, but also to how the application of changes leave affect the programs intended outcomes. There are other variables to be considered for evaluation.One is the nature of the stakeholders. Is the program able to capture the stakeholders and address their needs? Are they the right ones with whom to apply the program? Identifying the right stakeholders for the implementation of the program is vital in ensuring that the message is carried across.As such, the location where the program was implemented should also be evaluated. Cultural, social, and political issues must be considered as these could have an effect in the distribution of the program. Likewise, time should also be evaluated. This pertains not only to the timeframe or schedule of implementation of the program activities, but also on the timeliness of the program implementation.The last thing that should be subjected to evaluation is the output. Is it what the program intends to achieve? What went wrong? altogether the information from the monitoring and evaluation go forth be collated and considered as vital feedback. Feedback needs to be garner to be used in the further development and improvement of the programs design.After the step-by-step process of evaluation is completed, the results allow for be integrated into the original mental health program. Recommendations for future tecs forget be produced, such as the conduct of a second evaluation on the same program after it had been subjected to changes as a result of the initial evaluation.The design and methodological processes to be followed in the evaluation of a mental health program lead be discussed in detail in the succeeding paragraphs.Goals and ObjectivesThis research study primarily aims to identify a method that will be used to effectively evaluate mental health programs.Specifically, this research aims toIdentify the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and families using the mental health programIdentify their information needsDetermine their attitudes and perception towards the mental health program andDetermine the strengths and weaknesses of the program through a professionals perspective.Theoretical fabricThe main reason for conducting a program evaluation is to determine the competency of a program, particularly in terms of whether physical and financial resources are being used wisely, the programs performance and objectives are working with the design, and is following the processes set for it (Lindeman, 2010).Based on the literature review roll uped for this research, mental health program evaluations mostly focus on how the program could better line up to certain situations. Certain social conditions call for a more customized program, given that the current specifications of a program may not be suitable for another individual or group of individuals. Therefore, interventions must be carried out to ascertain the effectiveness of a mental health program.By using a program theory, the evaluation of the program may be head accordingly. The program theory is only recently integrated into the field of public health, as it is mainly used in social science research. The program theory, by definition, is a conceptual plan, with some details about what the program is and how it is expected to work (I ssel, 2009).The program theory has two main components 1) process theory and 2) effect theory. Process theory is concerned with the program per se, while the effect theory is concerned with the use of interventions. Similar programs, like in the realm of public health and its programs against obesity, consider evaluation as a very important process. It follows the same way of formulation of objectives and the creation of sound evaluation plan.Evaluation Model DesignThis research will follow a multi-design evaluation. It will make use of the responsive evaluation, followed by the participatory/collaborative form of evaluation, and then the utilization-focused evaluation. The use of a multi-design evaluation allows the researcher to better make use of the information that will be gained for evaluation.The first design is the Responsive Evaluation type of evaluation model and approach, which is concerned with identifying how the program would look like to different people. This desig n must take into consideration what stakeholders need to satisfy their thirst for information.In relation to responsive evaluation design, the participatory/collaborative form of evaluation may be used to further identify how the stakeholders view the program and what they could suggest be done to improve it. Their information needs will then be enumerated and considered.Once the information needs are identified, this will endure utilization-focused evaluation. This allows stakeholders to take part in the evaluation process, which will be used ultimately in the decision-making phase of the evaluation. The information will also be integrated into the program itself so as to better calibrate it to fit the specific needs of the stakeholders.The model below shows how these evaluation designs will be utilized to be able to evaluate a mental health program better.INPUTOUTPUTPROCESSSTAKEHOLDERSHow does the program look like to different people?PARTICIPATORY/COLLABORATIVEWhat are the inform ation needs of those closest to the program?CONSUMERSEXPERTINFORMATION NEEDSWhat are the information needs of stakeholders, and how will they use the findings?Figure 1. The Multi-Design Evaluation ModelThe study aims to create a viable evaluation model to use in evaluating mental health programs. For this research, both primary and secondary research will be utilized. The primary research will be conducted with the use of a survey questionnaire and interview for research pawn to gather both numeric and qualitative information. Respondents will be identified and the questionnaire will be distributed to them. Interviews will be scheduled accordingly.Quantitative methods will be employed as this is a conciliatory and iterative approach in researching information. Consecutively, the research will also make use of qualitative information which will be used to locate and develop theories that would explicate the relationship of one variable with another. As such, behavior, attitudes, o pinions, and beliefs on the subject matter at hand will be identified and quantified easier.Secondary research will also be carried out as well. Statistics and results from previous studies will be incorporated into this research and then compared with the results of this study.Evaluation MethodsRespondents of the StudyFollowing the evaluation designs stated above, this research will identify stakeholders to help in evaluating the program. Consumers and professionals will be asked to assess the program and their attitudes and perceptions toward it will be gauged. It is vital to determine and identify the respondents to be used for this study.The consumers may be the direct beneficiaries of the program to their close relatives who have personally observed how the program was implemented. Their personal experience on the program implementation would paint a picture of the applicability and fit of the program to various demographic.On the other hand, the professionals will be third-par ty experts who are knowledgeable in the field. These may be psychiatrists, psychologists, or program implementers. Their expertise on the field would contribute to the identification of whats lacking or missing in the program.Sampling MethodThe researcher will use two have strategies random and purposive. The purposive type of sampling allows for a more flexible way of choosing respondents, given that the classifications needed are not entirely that applicable to a general group of people. Likewise, this is easier to carry out by the researcher without compromising the results of the study. Psychologists, psychiatrists, and program implementers will be purposively identified based on their availability on the subject matter at hand.On the other hand, the program consumers will be identified randomly. A list of the program beneficiaries will be retrieved from authorities. Then, random sampling will be used to identify who among the beneficiaries will be interviewed. If ever the pati ent beneficiary will be unavailable for interview, their immediate family members will be contacted in their place. investigate InstrumentTo gather pertinent information from the respondents, the researcher will create a questionnaire, one set for each of the respondents. The instrument will include socio-demographic characteristics, identification of attitudes and perceptions towards the program, suggestions for improvement, among others.The major objective of using a survey questionnaire is to gather both quantitative and qualitative information from the respondents. The research instrument will use a combination of open and closed questions. Closed questions will be used at the most, especially in identifying the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Through the use of closed questions, the choices will be limited within the scope of the study thus, allowing the researcher to easily encode the answers. Moreover, using closed-ended questions would help keep the res ults in line with the researchs problem statement and objectives.As such, open-ended questions will all the same be used. Using this type of questions will allow the researcher to gather qualitative data. For example, their experiences on how the mental health program was implemented on them are better off detailed than limited to a set of questions. Themes are captured as they emerge from the respondents accounts.The attitudes of the respondents toward the mental health program will be gauged with the use of a five-point Likert scale. The Likert scale is a rating scale that allows the respondents to indicate his/her level of agreement or disagreement towards a particular event, situation, or part of the program. The equivalent weights that would correspond to the degree of agreement or disagreement are as followsRANGEINTERPRETATION4.50 5.00Strongly agree3.50 4.49Agree2.50 3.49Uncertain1.50 2.49Disagree1.00 1.49Strongly disagreeTo test its reliability, the one-shot research ad ministered survey instrument will be pre-tested to a group of individuals. The instrument will then be revised as per the comments and suggestions derived from the pre-testing.The survey questionnaire is elect as a research instrument since they are easy to construct. Likewise, questionnaires may be easily reproduced and can be delivered to the respondents by mail or by hand.Data CollectionFor this research, data will be garner information will be collated from previously published studies from local and world(prenominal) universities. The researcher will then summarize the secondary information, make a conclusion and a generalization, if applicable, and then provide recommendations which may be expedient for this research.The researc

Person Centred Approach for Depression

person Centred Approach for DepressionSOCIAL THEORIES FOR PROFESSIONAL PRACTICEA ruminative REPORT ON GROUP POSTERThe main purpose of the extend is to demonstrate an dread friendly cypher system for practice person-centred sustain in coitus to adults with depression the target audience is affable hold up students. According to Teater (20101) theory helps to predict, explain and assess situations and behaviours, and provide a principle for how the tender cultivateer should react and intervene. on that pointfore cordial fiddle theory for practice is defined as a set of images used to engineer practice and which ar sufficiently coherent that they could if necessary, be made intelligible in form which is open them to challenge. Payne (1997150) held the view that for a social contribute theory to be successful in achieving its out permit it required common chord elements, perspective, an explaining theory and a model. Teater (20104) emphasised that social dresser s may combine accomplishment theory with social learning theory to live on with a utility user, as theory set forths practice. Payne (2002270) say that a theory nominate non be evaluated provided in relation to its ideas and effectiveness, because the ideas cede a historical and social background and effectiveness is judged according to ramifyicular institutional requirements.When my crowd met to each one root word appendage gave suggestions of what theory they thought would be a safe idea we decided to create a bill on Person-centred snuggle. The title of the visiting card was A person-centred approach in relation to adults with depression a demand for social work students. The purpose of developing this wit was to inform and train social work students about Person-centred approach in a relation to adults relations with depression. To have an deducting of my role and contri plainlyion to the group it is substantive to review the process of how the team form ed. The group formed not as a result of choice alone as a result of random selection but with consideration of where we lived as this would make it easier to come together. The formation of the group made me realise that I did not have a choice in deciding who I would work with but despite that I was happy with my group and we worked well to round out the undertaking at hand. The group was small and consisted of 4 deal 3 females and 1 male and with different experience and educational background. A group can be defined in a many different shipway which relate to function, social rank for lesson why people join and whether membership is voluntary and its finishs and eventual purpose. Cartwright and Zander (1968) describes the group as an aggregate of various(prenominal)s standing in relations to each other, the relations exemplified testament depend on or determine the kind of group, whether it is a family, an audience, a committee, union, or crowd. hog et al (2005) define d a team as a group of people organised to work interdependently or cooperatively to complete a specific or accomplish a purpose or goal. On reflection it is essential to note that my group was a parturiency centred one because it was purely set up in order to complete the task at hand. Basically the group had collectivism this relates to a creative activity view based on the idea that the group needs and goals argon to a greater extent important than any individual. We worked to complete the task and went with Bruce Tuckman groups develop through five basic stages Forming apprehension, Storming encounter, Norming status and role attainment, acting goal striving and accomplishment, Adjourning disbanding or re-organizing (Thompson 2010 92).No one had been nominated as leader but on that point were both definite leaders who took on the role of deciding what task each of us should do. This occurred as a result of the two feeling that they were going to take on more, we let them take the lead due to their willingness to undertake the greater part of the task. scorn this I managed to take charge when it came to the title and how teaching was displayed. Due to the omit of clear leadership this meant that we did not always meet up and there was no time to rehearse before presenting to the class. Each team member was given a task to complete but due to omit of clear roles and responsibilities and we got on to complete the task at hand. According to Thompson (2009160) devout practice is based on partnership, team work and good communion amongst all members. It was essential to create positive group dynamics as this would aid the family between the team members, as such the relationship had to be constructive as well as productive (Lafasto Larson 2001).Belbin (199664) stated that an approach to piece relationships in work groups, in which each individual has a defined role. In this case there were two people that were the leaders and they were domi nant in devising decisions without consulting the rest of the team. In relation to team roles I took on the role of resource investigator Belbin (1981 84) describes this as a person that is very optimistic. I endeavoured to relay my sight in order to contribute and make corrections as pass judgment by the group but to my work was disregarded in my absence. There argon a number of issues that can affect a good group dynamic and for our team it was poor communication, different information would be passed on yet after meeting the other teams had done something differently. This constituent I believe affected my performance and others as well. For instance we emailed each other what our ideas but the two leaders were negative towards my suggestions and the responded in a way that exhibit decisions had been made already.Furthermore not all members standard updates due to not world linked in so there was missed information, at the time of presenting suggestions on how it should b e done were neglected this was annoying and evoked some strong emotions. Unfortunately it was late to propose this issue I felt strongly that decisions were made without full of life synopsis and this was a direct result of lack of leadership.When we started to develop the poster we recognise that we had throttle time, space and therefore we decided to develop a poster that was precise, concise and easy for the social work students and overhaul users to understand. The purpose was to inform and provide an understanding of about the social theory for practice and as well how well it works with service users. It was also essential for the design and food color scheme of the poster to be practical. According Fook et al (200754) states that depending on optical workshops students or people atomic number 18 more likely to remember colored presentations and argon drawn to them.The poster was good it described the social work theory for practice and wasclear and precise on the beat matter, but despite this I felt that the poster should have been more about the social work theory for practice than the subject depression. The arrangement of information was sufficient considering the information that had to be gathered but it would have been wear out to have less information on the poster. The poster illustrated clearly that the service user was the expert of their hold recovery and this in turn authorize them in making good choices, this evidently highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the person-centred therapy. Trevithick (2012 91) emphasised that social workers should work with service users holistically in order to get a better understanding of their life. Service users and carers express that the most essential quality they would appreciate from social workers is understanding and patience.This I believe was as a result of the fact that social work theories and service policies vary in their assumptions on the personality of service users, their problems, society and role of social workers. Whittington et al (199527) states that when a social worker makes sense of a problem or issue he or she also makes certain assumptions. This is subjectivist philosophy and works with free will. It deals with insiders view, self determining ways and human nature for instance dealing with the relationship that the client has with the social world around them (Stepney et al 2000). The poster did not illustrate the advantages of the usage on the therapist this was due to limited space and only focusing on the service user. For instance a therapist may not feel weighed down while running(a) with a service user who is aware and more positive this will empower the therapist as well as the service user. Rowe and Llic (2009) stated that posters are brilliant way of transferring knowledge and suitable form of educational publication. He further emphasised that people are more likely to be drawn to visual elements of a poster than the subje ct or content and it was essential for the author to include their name in order to effectively convey the educational subject matter.As a student social worker I have to critically canvas and appraise the social work theories there are six critical criterias namely Subjectivist- objectivist = philosophical position, Theories of society= provides an explanation, Research and research raise= provides evidence and credibility to theories, Ethics and theories of social justice =provides understanding against the BASW codes of moral philosophy and values, Service user and carers perspective=an insider perspective and Model of practice= theories are in context. There are six theories in social work practice namely psychodynamic theory, Social learning theory, Theory of moral reasoning, systems theory, conflict theory and theories of cognition.The person-Centred approach was adopted work of the psychologist Dr Carl Rogers (1902-1987),the approach was psychotherapy and counselling. He b elieved that the basic nature of the human being, when functioning freely, is constructive and trustworthy(Rogers 196194). The Person-centred approach (PCA) is an emotional and psychological approach to the person a way of being, from which perception of self, reality and behaviour may be reorganized. Its underlying principles are the primacy of the actualizing tendency, the assertion of the necessity and sufficiency of the therapeutic conditions and the realization on the part of the therapist of a non-directive attitude (Rogers 1947).According to Thorne (199136) one of the limitations of person-centred approach resides not in the approach itself, but in the limitations of particular therapists and their ability or lack of it to offer their service users the required environment for transubstantiateation and using. Thorne on the other hand unreservedly accepted that in his own experience, there are particular kinds of service users who are unlikely to be much helped by the approa ch.Furthermore Christopher (199622) concurred that there are sincere attempts to understand our own motivations, theories, service users are best achieved through considered and critical duologue and reflection. Nevertheless person-centered approach is very relevant in social work practice and this approach as a psychosocial approach takes into account that people have both inner worlds and outer realities but the way we recognize the world sometimes differs from the way others see it (Coulshed Orme, 2012108).Trevithick (2012124) stated that person-centred approach was a well researched psychological approach that is based psychoanalysis-Freud (1856-1939), behaviourism based on theories of Pavlov (1927), Watson(1970),Skinner (1974)etc and humanistic psychology Carl Rogers(1902-1987) and Maslow (1973).An internet search on PsycINFO revealed 612 educational journals on person-centred therapy of these 411where peer reviewed journals the data was gathered from a range of groups, ages and genders. The bulk of the studies demonstrated that person-centred approach is essentially effective in getting results with service users to transform their lives. There is research evidence on the use of person-centred approach or therapy in mental health settings with adults, children and older people. It is essential to note that despite the fact that it has been used in cognitive behaviour therapy has also shown that it is a successful implement. There are a number of other approaches for instance pharmacological, psychodynamic and psychoanalytical evidence has shown that as a course of action it is trivial term but it is better to have intervention than non at all. The find research, analysis as well as other types of research are vital in appraising the social work theory for practice. Orme et al (2010159) stated that when one finds research or peer reviewed journals there are questions to be asked for instance who owns the research and what their objective is.In conclu sion the making of the poster was a new experience for me but helped provide limpidity on group dynamics, theory of practice related to the poster and social work practice.The social work profession promotes social change, problem declaration in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work.(BASW 2012) attachment 1REFERENCESBASW 2012 Code of ethicsBelbin, R, M. (1993) Team Roles at Work, Oxford HeinemannChristopher, J.C. (1996) Counselors inescapable object lesson visions Journal of Counseling and Development, 75, 17-24.Coulshed, V and Orme, J. (2006) Social work Practice, 4th Edition, and Palgrave Macmillan.Fook J and Gardner F (2007) Practising critical Reflection, A Resource Handbook, escaped University Press.Healy, K. ( 2012) Social work methods and skills, the essential foundations of practice Palgrave Macmillan.Hogg, Micheal A, Vaughan, Graham, M. (2005) Social Psychology 4th Edition Pearson, apprentice Hall.Howe, D. (2009) A brief introduction to social work Theory.Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan.Orme J and Shemmings D (2010) Developing research based social work practice, Palgrave Macmillan.Payne, M. (1997) Modern social Work Theory, 2nd Edition, Basingstoke MacmillanPayne, M. (2005) Modern social Work Theory, third Edition, Basingstoke MacmillanRogers, C. R and Russell, D.E (2002) Carl Rogers The Quiet Revolutionary An Oral History. Roseville, CA Penmarin BooksStepney P and Ford D (2000) Social Work Models, Methods and Theories, A framework for practice, Russell House Publishing.Stogdon C and Kiteley R (2010) Study skills for social workers, SAGE publications.Thompson N (2009) Understanding Social Work, 3rd edition, Palgrave Macmillan.Trevithick P (2012) Social Work Skills and Knowledge, a pr actice handbook, 3rd edition, Open University Press.Wilson K, Ruch G, Lymbery, M and Cooper A (2008) Social Work, An introduction to contemporary Practice, Ashford colourize Press Ltd.