Health Care Program Evaluation Plan Health And Social Care Essay

rise upness C be Program Evaluation Plan Health And Social C ar EssayThe question of how to treat citizenry who are ration bothy ill is passing controversial. In the non-so-distant past, people with genial na physical exercisea were confined in insane asylums, where they lived in conditions of degradation, physical abuse and squalor. psychological wellness professionals now twin that such word was barbaric and that long-sufferings should hear giveive care. Opinions differ sharply, however, on what kind of treatment best serves this putting greenwealth of people interests.How psychic disorder is treated varies in every civilization, culture, century, and religion. round religions encourage its members to do well even towards morally ill people. The treatments carried step forward go from dancing to chants to tortures and exorcisms, and some treatments do to a greater extent damage to the patient than good. As cartridge holder passes by, the margin psychic illne ss carries with a soft touch that affects non only the patient, but overly his/her family.With the increasing prominence of the wellness transitional material theory, in that location exists a shift towards emphasizing wellness, empowerment, and empirically back up treatment. psychologically ill people are treated more compassionateely at present than when compared to the only several decades ago. Ad depend operatetedments are being strategized in order to carry on the increasing demand of noetic wellness interpret and ensure the carrying out(a) of new course of instructions in order to maintain common ground among stakeholders.Drastic lurchs and the need for affable wellness reform ground on recurrences of violence within communities view played a intent-sustaining role in stakeholders rethinking mental wellness issues, peculiar(prenominal)ly what treatments are appropriate. Historically, practices of health promotion butt end be interconnected into evidence based with the treatment being employ in computer political course of schoolingmes that leave been implemented for those co-morbid health conditions with mental health problems.Background of the ProblemMental health courses require a coterie of skills that are accessible and different from traditional schedules that learn been check in place but have failed the trunk. Through the use of monograph, a method of enquiry or literature written about a single, peculiar(prenominal) subject, it house be deduced that the path bearings to effective care are often unclear and extremely difficult to negotiate, particularly for young people and their families, and for people from backgrounds that are not part of the dominant mainstream culture (theme Health Strategy, 2000, p.7). In otherwise words, there exists a disparity between social classes in the effective distribution of health care, that regarding mental health notwithstanding.This socio-economic disparity is no longer a new issue. Even in other instances, especially in the realm of healthcare, care services are not every bit distributed among those who need it. It is usual that patients from low socio-economic classes are the less(prenominal) privileged, subjected to world degradation and unconventional treatment eon those with a secure financial mental object are more give carely to receive immediate and humane treatment. encumbrance approaches into mental health vary depending on the disorder and severity of symptoms. compound designs and new policies in the decision- qualification intervention is in the forefront objective of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). check to the NHS (2000, p.89), the main actors in the delivery of health care should have a pervasive awareness of the assorted cultural and linguistic backgrounds of the people, as differences in culture and language, among others, can be a hurdle in the aim and implementation of a health care course of i nstruction.This is not to say that efforts were not carried out to frame classs to address mental health problems. However, some architectural plans are either lacking in content or is not applic adequate to a particular pigeonholing of people. at that placefore, a class whitethorn produce significant exits for adult patients, but whitethorn fail when applied to younger patients with the same mental illness.As such, the need for holistic and specific computer syllabusmes for mental health is high. Several measures should be taken into consideration first before a particular mental health program is to be designed and implemented. The severity of the illness and its symptoms, as well as the patients capacity to maintain treatment, among others, should be well taken into consideration.Literature ReviewThis literature review has been prepared for rating of Mental Health programs, which volition focus on the viewing topics definition of mental health mental health issues tr eatments and therapy global mental health policies, and formula and the process of evaluating a health care program, particularly that of mental health. accessible literature on mental health focuses on programs that are in place and the implementation of new programs through integrating health promotion where a review of literature illustrate how the demesne of health promotion can be mainstreamed into all aspects of residential area mental health care, in policies, principles, and practices. It contains an array of clinical cases, historical analyses, sagaciousness coiffes, evidence-based interventions and paygrade tools, and strategies for insurance policy reform.Definition of mental healthThe World Health Organization (2013) defines mental health as the pass on of complete physical, mental and social eudaemonia, and not merely the absence of disease. Furthermore, it is defined as a state of well-being where an exclusive can realize his potential as a person, charter measures in coping with lifes stressors, work productively while staying emotionally well, and channel to the development of the fellowship with which he belongs to.Mental health issuesMental health treatmentsMental illnesses are developed due to various and some clock times relate factors, making it difficult to clearly predict the progress of a mentally ill person (SANE, 2010). Sometimes, the symptoms are so conf use that the patient himself is not aware that they are already experiencing a mental disorder.Initial assessment is done to mark whether the patient is suffering from a mental disorder. The diagnosing impart be derived from a particular pattern of symptoms that the doctor give have to observe in the patient. Symptoms accommodate (SANE, 2010, in Better Health, 2012) 1) smelling down for a long period of time 2) insomnia or softness to sleep and 3) easily distracted and inability to concentrate.From there, the doctor depart sink how to best treat the symptoms and thus pull ahead observe the patient for either other more specific symptoms. In the field of mental health, diagnoses can change several times as the symptoms change, progress, or disappear. Likewise, it can change as more claimation surfaces from the patient himself through their sessions together. The doctor past should be able to critically delineate the differences between symptoms and conjure a treatment that would best cooperate the patient. In other words, there is no fixed treatment or medication for a single soul with a mental disorder until all the needed criteria appears in the patients behaviors (SANE, 2010, in Better Health, 2012).There are, however, several ways in tr have mental health disorders and helping patients cope and recover from mental illness. There are cardinal main types of treatments psychological treatments and medication.Psychological treatments are carried out on patients with dread disorders or notion as it helps reduce stress levels br ought about or has resulted to the symptoms experienced by the patient. These treatments, or therapies, are based on how an soulfulness react to, think about, and perceive things (SANE, 2010, in Better Health, 2012). Therapies are in addition called talking cure (Discovery Health, 2013) because emotional and physical pain is alleviated by talking about it.Medications are provided to patients who have a more sound form of the disorder. There is a specific type of medication for a specific type of disorder, and they are usually highly prescriptive. Sometimes, it is apt(p) with a combination of other prescriptive drugs or with psychological therapies. It overwhelms (Better Health, 2012) 1) antidepressants, which is given to patients with depression primarily and, with psychotherapy, to those with phobias, panic disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), or eating disorders (bulimia, anorexia) 2) antipsychotic medications, which is utilise to treat illnesses such as schizoph renia and bipolarism and 3) inclination stabilizing medications, which regulates the occurrence of major depression and high episodes in patients with manic disorder.Care should be extended, however, when using medications for mental health disorders. Although the benefits are high, there are still some harmful side effects that readiness affect the patient especially when used for a long term at unsettled doses (SANE, 2010). If available, newer generations of medications are to be given to the patient, as this has lesser side-effects (Better Health, 2012).Apart from these two major types of treatment, the concept of union support as a way to help patients cope and recover from mental illness is fast becoming a choice for professionals and patients alike. Community support efforts include education, accommodation, help with finding worthy work, training and education, psychosocial rehabilitation and mutual support groups (SANE, 2010 and Better Health, 2012).Global mental heal th policiesKiresuk and Sherman (1968) have place the kinda secernateing two-fold identity of the goals of the mental health enterprise a) highly philosophic in that theories are formulated in distinct notificationships or b) highly objective and focuses mainly on patient-therapy goals. These goals may be used to refine a mental health program to better cater to a wider group of concerned people. Furthermore, understanding the elements interacting between the patient and therapist in various stages of their relationship can wait on in designing programs for community mental health.Mental health policies are rules and regulations written by the governing or its corresponding Health Ministry or Department. It includes the goals, priorities, and the main direction stakeholders have to take in order to effectively implement the services cover therein.Some of the components of a mental health policy include (WHO, 2005) advocacy, which is the individual and social action on raisi ng public awareness and policy support promotion, enabling patients to take control of and improve their mental well-being prevention or the immediate application of measures to promote individual and community well-being and educational and informational campaigns treatment and the carrying out of relevant care, whether clinical or non-clinical, to reduce the negative impacts of mental illness and improve patients quality of life and rehabilitation where knowledge and skills learning are provided to mentally ill patients to help them achieve a higher and better quality of life disrespect of their disorder.Mental health policies are the main guiding framework in the design of mental health programs. Each of the components specified above can have its own health program that give help achieve its goals. In fact, mental health programs is to take into consideration both usual and specific plans of action required by all stakeholders to undertake in order for the policy to take eff ect (WHO, 2005). It identifies what actions are to be done, who moldiness do it, what specific timeframe should be keep abreasted, what resources are needed, and where can it be found.According to the WHO (2005), 90.9 percentage of countries in the Eastern Mediterranean have national mental health programs in place. More than three quarters, or 76.5 percent, of due north and federation Americas have such mental health programs while only 52.9 percent of Europe does.Community care is the most basic unit to execute and provide healthcare services to citizens. Therefore, their presence is life-sustaining in musical accompaniment patients with mental disorders at the community level. About 75 percent of North and South American countries have existing community care facilities (WHO, 2005).On a global outdo of measurement, however, a wider disparity is discovered. Only half of low-income countries have established community centers while 90-97 percent of high-income countries h ave such community centers. Some examples of these community centers are daycare centers, therapeutic and residential services, crisis residential services, sheltered homes, clubhouses, community mental health services which cater to all age groups (children, adolescents, elderly), and agricultural psychiatric rehabilitation villages, among others (WHO, 2005).Global mental health legislatingMental health legislation should not be compound with health policies. These are legal provisions for the protection of the basic human and civil rights of people with mental disorders (WHO, 2005). Mental health legislation deals not only with how dangerous mentally ill patients are to be tranquil and protected, but also with the maintenance of treatment facilities and personnel, training of professionals, and the whole bodily structure of providing mental health services. It also dictates and regulates the procedures in compulsory admissions, discharge procedures, and appeals, among others.La ws on mental health are present in 75 percent of North and South American Countries. This is still low in contrast to 91.8 percent of European countries. Eastern Mediterranean countries have the smallest coverage at only 57.1 percent. Knowing the coverage of mental health laws is vital in understanding how mental health is prioritized on a global scale.The timeliness of the laws ask to be considered as well. More recently existing laws may be more encompassing than older laws in the sense that valuation processes have already been applied to it. Older laws may not be able on track with the fast changing pace of culture, society, and technology. As such, laws enacted earlier than 1990 may be ineffective because evidence-based treatment methods are not yet available during that time (WHO, 2005).More than half of existing legislation across the globe is enacted between 1990 and 2004. North and South American countries with mental health laws have enacted 58.4 percent their most rece nt legislatures within this time frame. There still lies the fact, however, that half of the existing legislations were designed and enacted all the way back to the 60s (WHO, 2005).One of the major facets of mental health legislations is the provision of deadening benefits for mentally ill patients and their families. In some cases, the disability benefit is incorporated in mental health laws. In others, particularly in countries without specific mental health legislation, the disability benefit is part of a wider scale of health legislation. Half of low-income countries have disability benefit provisions, while a hundred percent of all high-income countries are covered (WHO, 2005).There are, however, less look intoes delving into the degree of implementation and the spread of coverage of mental health legislations and its serial provisions. Moreover, there is a need to identify what services or benefits do particular countries provided for individuals with mental health disorder s. As such, these areas need to be interrogationed into more to better accommodate to the needs of individuals and families who need it.Evaluating mental health programsAtkisson, et al (2010) has a conceptual model laying out the three components conglomerate in evaluating a community mental health program. These three components are a) levels of evaluative activity b) functional roles of the evaluator c) and the capability of the program information. This on the job(p) model may be used in the assessment of the rating capability of mental health problems. Proper use of the model could beget a better military rating strategy.Although outdated, Hagedon, et al. (1976) has written a reliable manual of arms on determining appropriate rating strategies and in planning evaluations. Evaluations, as the authors have suggested, should be done in cycles. Monitoring and evaluation should be schedule annually or bi-annually. This allows the program to be constantly updated, making it easi ly be adopted into a community. Changing cultural and technical elements could pose threats or opportunities to the conduct of the program.Hargreaves, et al. (1977) states that addressing issues in a programs information system and adequately assessing outcome studies eventually act on the programs processes and integrity, as well as the stakeholders welfare. An effective mental health program should have a similarly effective system of collating and analyzing feedback, which may be used to progress improve the program.The evaluation plan describes in stop how a program allow be admonishered and evaluated. The intention of using the results for program development and decision-making should also be made clear (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).A program evaluation must(prenominal) be carried out with a clear mark in mind. In fact, in designing a plan for program evaluation, the expectations to be derived from the conduct of the evaluation should be already con sidered.However, the evaluation design and the actual implementation should not be carried out by just anybody. The evaluation should be done by someone wise(p) of the processes of evaluation and must also have an understanding of the program being evaluated. Otherwise, the evaluation process might not be able to achieve its objectives.The evaluation design should be able to identify the specific group or group of people for which the program is intended for and would have access to. The methods to be used should be able to capture the needs of the stakeholders while maintaining excellence in the delivery of health care.The Minnesota Department of Health (2010), identified six reasons on wherefore there is a need to monitor and evaluate the processes of a program 1) to determine whether the objectives of the program is being achieved in the short-term 2) to improve how the program is being implemented 3) to provide a degree of liability to the funding agencies and the community w ith which the program is intended for 4) to affix the stakeholders awareness of the program and encourage support 5) to contribution to the current pool of knowledge and practices in the scientific undertaking of public health interventions and brave outly, 5) to inform and influence the decisions of the higher policy-making body, e.g., the government.A scientifically-sound evaluation has similarly scientifically-sound program objectives. According to Wilburn and Wilburn (n.d.), program objectives should be S-M-A-R-T specific, measureable, achievable, realistic, and time-specific.It is ideal that an evaluation design is extensive however, as was said in the introduction, that it has to be specific to be able to fit the needs of the stakeholders better. Measureable concepts should be incorporated into each objective to aid in the attainment of quantifiable variables. It should also be realistic, not idealistic, and should follow a practical timeframe.The right questions should be able to answer the questions what, how, and why it matters (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). The evaluation design should be able to 1) state the need for the implementation of the program and its relation to the intended effects (clarify the take and anticipated outcomes) 2) lay down the processes in the program implementation and identify whether it works well with the overall evaluation design 3) clarify with short-term information if changes need to be done in the existing processes of the program and 4) provide a rationale about the programs importance and impact to the field of mental health.The evaluation must apply not only to the program per se, but also to how the application of changes leave affect the programs intended outcomes. There are other variables to be considered for evaluation.One is the nature of the stakeholders. Is the program able to capture the stakeholders and address their needs? Are they the right ones with whom to apply the program? Identifying the right stakeholders for the implementation of the program is vital in ensuring that the message is carried across.As such, the location where the program was implemented should also be evaluated. Cultural, social, and political issues must be considered as these could have an effect in the distribution of the program. Likewise, time should also be evaluated. This pertains not only to the timeframe or schedule of implementation of the program activities, but also on the timeliness of the program implementation.The last thing that should be subjected to evaluation is the output. Is it what the program intends to achieve? What went wrong? altogether the information from the monitoring and evaluation go forth be collated and considered as vital feedback. Feedback needs to be garner to be used in the further development and improvement of the programs design.After the step-by-step process of evaluation is completed, the results allow for be integrated into the original mental health program. Recommendations for future tecs forget be produced, such as the conduct of a second evaluation on the same program after it had been subjected to changes as a result of the initial evaluation.The design and methodological processes to be followed in the evaluation of a mental health program lead be discussed in detail in the succeeding paragraphs.Goals and ObjectivesThis research study primarily aims to identify a method that will be used to effectively evaluate mental health programs.Specifically, this research aims toIdentify the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and families using the mental health programIdentify their information needsDetermine their attitudes and perception towards the mental health program andDetermine the strengths and weaknesses of the program through a professionals perspective.Theoretical fabricThe main reason for conducting a program evaluation is to determine the competency of a program, particularly in terms of whether physical and financial resources are being used wisely, the programs performance and objectives are working with the design, and is following the processes set for it (Lindeman, 2010).Based on the literature review roll uped for this research, mental health program evaluations mostly focus on how the program could better line up to certain situations. Certain social conditions call for a more customized program, given that the current specifications of a program may not be suitable for another individual or group of individuals. Therefore, interventions must be carried out to ascertain the effectiveness of a mental health program.By using a program theory, the evaluation of the program may be head accordingly. The program theory is only recently integrated into the field of public health, as it is mainly used in social science research. The program theory, by definition, is a conceptual plan, with some details about what the program is and how it is expected to work (I ssel, 2009).The program theory has two main components 1) process theory and 2) effect theory. Process theory is concerned with the program per se, while the effect theory is concerned with the use of interventions. Similar programs, like in the realm of public health and its programs against obesity, consider evaluation as a very important process. It follows the same way of formulation of objectives and the creation of sound evaluation plan.Evaluation Model DesignThis research will follow a multi-design evaluation. It will make use of the responsive evaluation, followed by the participatory/collaborative form of evaluation, and then the utilization-focused evaluation. The use of a multi-design evaluation allows the researcher to better make use of the information that will be gained for evaluation.The first design is the Responsive Evaluation type of evaluation model and approach, which is concerned with identifying how the program would look like to different people. This desig n must take into consideration what stakeholders need to satisfy their thirst for information.In relation to responsive evaluation design, the participatory/collaborative form of evaluation may be used to further identify how the stakeholders view the program and what they could suggest be done to improve it. Their information needs will then be enumerated and considered.Once the information needs are identified, this will endure utilization-focused evaluation. This allows stakeholders to take part in the evaluation process, which will be used ultimately in the decision-making phase of the evaluation. The information will also be integrated into the program itself so as to better calibrate it to fit the specific needs of the stakeholders.The model below shows how these evaluation designs will be utilized to be able to evaluate a mental health program better.INPUTOUTPUTPROCESSSTAKEHOLDERSHow does the program look like to different people?PARTICIPATORY/COLLABORATIVEWhat are the inform ation needs of those closest to the program?CONSUMERSEXPERTINFORMATION NEEDSWhat are the information needs of stakeholders, and how will they use the findings?Figure 1. The Multi-Design Evaluation ModelThe study aims to create a viable evaluation model to use in evaluating mental health programs. For this research, both primary and secondary research will be utilized. The primary research will be conducted with the use of a survey questionnaire and interview for research pawn to gather both numeric and qualitative information. Respondents will be identified and the questionnaire will be distributed to them. Interviews will be scheduled accordingly.Quantitative methods will be employed as this is a conciliatory and iterative approach in researching information. Consecutively, the research will also make use of qualitative information which will be used to locate and develop theories that would explicate the relationship of one variable with another. As such, behavior, attitudes, o pinions, and beliefs on the subject matter at hand will be identified and quantified easier.Secondary research will also be carried out as well. Statistics and results from previous studies will be incorporated into this research and then compared with the results of this study.Evaluation MethodsRespondents of the StudyFollowing the evaluation designs stated above, this research will identify stakeholders to help in evaluating the program. Consumers and professionals will be asked to assess the program and their attitudes and perceptions toward it will be gauged. It is vital to determine and identify the respondents to be used for this study.The consumers may be the direct beneficiaries of the program to their close relatives who have personally observed how the program was implemented. Their personal experience on the program implementation would paint a picture of the applicability and fit of the program to various demographic.On the other hand, the professionals will be third-par ty experts who are knowledgeable in the field. These may be psychiatrists, psychologists, or program implementers. Their expertise on the field would contribute to the identification of whats lacking or missing in the program.Sampling MethodThe researcher will use two have strategies random and purposive. The purposive type of sampling allows for a more flexible way of choosing respondents, given that the classifications needed are not entirely that applicable to a general group of people. Likewise, this is easier to carry out by the researcher without compromising the results of the study. Psychologists, psychiatrists, and program implementers will be purposively identified based on their availability on the subject matter at hand.On the other hand, the program consumers will be identified randomly. A list of the program beneficiaries will be retrieved from authorities. Then, random sampling will be used to identify who among the beneficiaries will be interviewed. If ever the pati ent beneficiary will be unavailable for interview, their immediate family members will be contacted in their place. investigate InstrumentTo gather pertinent information from the respondents, the researcher will create a questionnaire, one set for each of the respondents. The instrument will include socio-demographic characteristics, identification of attitudes and perceptions towards the program, suggestions for improvement, among others.The major objective of using a survey questionnaire is to gather both quantitative and qualitative information from the respondents. The research instrument will use a combination of open and closed questions. Closed questions will be used at the most, especially in identifying the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Through the use of closed questions, the choices will be limited within the scope of the study thus, allowing the researcher to easily encode the answers. Moreover, using closed-ended questions would help keep the res ults in line with the researchs problem statement and objectives.As such, open-ended questions will all the same be used. Using this type of questions will allow the researcher to gather qualitative data. For example, their experiences on how the mental health program was implemented on them are better off detailed than limited to a set of questions. Themes are captured as they emerge from the respondents accounts.The attitudes of the respondents toward the mental health program will be gauged with the use of a five-point Likert scale. The Likert scale is a rating scale that allows the respondents to indicate his/her level of agreement or disagreement towards a particular event, situation, or part of the program. The equivalent weights that would correspond to the degree of agreement or disagreement are as followsRANGEINTERPRETATION4.50 5.00Strongly agree3.50 4.49Agree2.50 3.49Uncertain1.50 2.49Disagree1.00 1.49Strongly disagreeTo test its reliability, the one-shot research ad ministered survey instrument will be pre-tested to a group of individuals. The instrument will then be revised as per the comments and suggestions derived from the pre-testing.The survey questionnaire is elect as a research instrument since they are easy to construct. Likewise, questionnaires may be easily reproduced and can be delivered to the respondents by mail or by hand.Data CollectionFor this research, data will be garner information will be collated from previously published studies from local and world(prenominal) universities. The researcher will then summarize the secondary information, make a conclusion and a generalization, if applicable, and then provide recommendations which may be expedient for this research.The researc